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doi:10.1016/j.fct.2008.03.007 
Copyright © 2008 Elsevier Ltd All rights reserved.
Modulatory effects of N-acetylcysteine on hyperoxaluric manifestations in rat kidney
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Rakesh K. Bijarniaa, Tanzeer Kaura, Kanika Aggarwalb, S.K. Singlab and Chanderdeep Tandona, 
, 
Received 17 August 2007;
Abstract
Hyperoxaluria is a condition where excessive oxalate is present in the urine. Many reports have documented free radical generation followed by hyperoxaluria as a consequence of which calcium oxalate deposition occurs in the kidney tissue. The present in vivo study was designed to investigate the potential of N-acetylcysteine in modulating hyperoxaluric manifestation induced by sodium oxalate in the rat kidneys. Male wistar rats in one group were administered single dose of sodium oxalate (70 mg/kg body weight) intraperitoneally to induce hyperoxaluric conditions and in the other group, rats were injected N-acetylcysteine (NAC) (200 mg/kg body weight) intraperitoneally, half an hour after sodium oxalate dose. The treatment is for a period of 24 h. N-acetylcysteine significantly reduced hyperoxaluria caused oxidative stress by reducing lipid peroxidation, restoring antioxidant enzymes activity in kidney tissue, followed by reduction in impairment of renal functioning. In addition, NAC administration reduced the number of calcium oxalate monohydrate (COM) crystals in the urine as observed under polarization microscope. Histological analysis depicted that NAC treatment decreased renal epithelial damage, inflammation and restored normal glomeruli morphology. Thus, it shows that use of an extraneous antioxidant may prove beneficial for combating the conditions of oxidative stress produced by hyperoxaluria.
Keywords: Creatinine; Hyperoxaluria; Lipid peroxidation; N-acetylcysteine; Oxidative stress; Urea
Abbreviations: NAC, N-acetylcysteine; COD, calcium oxalate dihydrate; COM, calcium oxalate monohydrate; MDA, malondialdehyde; HCl, hydrochloric acid; SOD, superoxide dismutase; CAT, catalase; w.r.t., with respect to; NF-κB, nuclear factor- κB
Article Outline
- 1. Introduction
- 2. Material and methods
- 2.1. Test material
- 2.2. Animals and treatments
- 2.3. Biochemical assays in urine and serum
- 2.4. Parameters for oxidative stress and antioxidant status in renal tissue
- 2.5. Urinary crystal study
- 2.6. Histopathological studies
- 2.7. Statistical analysis
- 3. Results
- 3.1. Evaluation of renal functioning
- 3.2. Renal oxidative stress
- 3.3. Renal antioxidant status
- 3.4. Urinary crystals
- 3.5. Histological analysis
- 4. Discussion
- Conflict of interest statement
- Acknowledgements
- References
