ImmunobiologyMesenchymal stem cell–educated macrophages: A novel type of alternatively activated macrophages
Section snippets
Cell culture
We used human blood and bone marrow to derive monocytes and MSCs, respectively. All protocols were approved by the Health Sciences Institutional Review Board of University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health. Monocytes were isolated from human peripheral blood by using magnetic bead separation methods according to manufacturers' protocols. Briefly, peripheral blood mononuclear cells were collected from the blood of healthy donors by density gradient separation using
Isolation and characterization of MSCs from human BM
All MSCs derived from normal healthy BM were positive for MSC markers (CD29, CD44, CD73, CD90, CD105) and negative for hematopoietic markers (CD31, CD34, CD45, CD54) (data not shown), as described previously [22]. Specifically, MSCs expressed high levels of CD90 and were negative for CD14 cell surface marker, while macrophages expressed an opposite pattern. MSCs derived from BM could differentiate into bone, fat, and cartilage in vitro, using appropriate growth factors (data not shown).
MSCs increase expression of CD206 on cocultured macrophages
To test
Discussion
Macrophages are widely distributed in many different tissues in the human body and are a key component of innate immunity. These cells differentiate from circulating peripheral blood monocytes after migration into tissues, either to replace long-lived tissue macrophages or in response to injurious insults [33]. Macrophages, in addition to their role in initial phases of tissue defense, play an indispensable role in later phases of tissue homeostasis and repair, such as removal of cellular
Acknowledgments
This work was supported by National Institutes of Health/National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute (Bethesda, MD, USA) HL081076 K08 grant (to P.H.) and also by funding from University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center (Madison, WI, USA). The authors gratefully thank Dr. Laura Hogan for the critical reading of the manuscript.
Conflict of Interest Disclosure
No financial interest/relationships with financial interest relating to the topic of this article have been declared.
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