Fig. 1. Ages of geomagnetic excursions for the last 300 kyr according to different authors: Column 1: Langereis et al. [16], Column 2: Worm [17], Column 3: Lund et al. [19], Column 4: Selection of well-documented excursions with good age control (see text for references).

Fig. 2. Location of ODP Site 919 showing North Atlantic Deep Water (NADW) currents. Solid arrows indicate path of Denmark Strait Overflow Water (DSOW) and Iceland Scotland Overflow Water (ISOW), open arrows indicate path of Labrador Sea Water (LSW) (modified after [58]).

Fig. 3. ODP Site 919 planktic δ¹⁸O record (closed symbols) from N. pachyderma (sin) [64] and [65] compared with the benthic δ¹⁸O target (open symbols) [69].

Fig. 4. Depth–age and sedimentation rates for ODP Site 919 according to the age model of St. John et al. [65].

Fig. 5. ODP Site 919: planktic δ¹⁸O record (closed symbols) [64] and [65] compared with the benthic δ¹⁸O target (open symbols) [69] (as in Fig. 3) compared to volume susceptibility, ARM intensity after demagnetization at peak fields of 35 mT and the ratio of anhysteretic susceptibility to volume susceptibility (magnetite grain size proxy).

Fig. 6. ODP Site 919: Anhysteretic susceptibility (k_arm) plotted against susceptibility (k) indicative of a restricted magnetite grain-size range.

Fig. 7. Greenland ice-core δ¹⁸O data [76] and [77] compared to ODP Site 919 susceptibility that appears to mimic the so-called “Dansgaard–Oeschger” (D–O) variability with relatively low values of magnetic susceptibility coinciding with cold stadials (and hence Heinrich layers, H0–H6) in the ice core record. The expected correlation of interstadials (IS) 19–21 to highs in the susceptibility record is offset possibly signifying discrepancies in the Site 919 age model. The location of Ash Layer 2 anchors the age model at  55 ka.

Fig. 8. ODP Site 919: Component declination and inclination and accompanying maximum angular deviation (MAD) values from u-channel data computed for the 20–80 mT demagnetization interval (without anchoring to the origin of orthogonal projections), and for each 1-cm down-core.

Fig. 9. ODP Site 919: Component declination and inclination, and accompanying maximum angular deviation (MAD) values, for u-channel data (dark/green closed symbols connected by line), deconvolved u-channel data (closed gray/blue symbols connected by dashed line) and data from 1-cm³ discrete samples (open/red squares without connecting line).

Fig. 10. Orthogonal projections of demagnetization data for representative samples from five intervals of ODP Site 919 displaying negative inclinations for three data-types from the same depth (age): u-channel data (without deconvolution), u-channel data with deconvolution, and discrete (1-cm³) samples. Open (closed) symbols represent vector end points projected on the vertical (horizontal) plane, respectively. (one division on the intensity scales corresponds to 0.01 A/m).

Fig. 11. Plot of hysteresis ratios with single domain (SD), pseudo-single domain (PSD) and multidomain (MD) fields for magnetite after [78]. Samples collected at  2 cm intervals across intervals characterized by negative or low inclinations associated with the Mono Lake excursion (open squares), the Laschamp excursion (open circles), the Iceland Basin excursion (closed squares) and the Pringle Falls excursion (closed circles). Table 1 (EPSL Background Dataset) gives the depth (mcd), age, and hysteresis parameters for each interval: Mono Lake interval (20 samples), Laschamp interval (8 samples), Iceland Basin interval (29 samples) and Pringle Falls interval (25 samples).

Fig. 12. (a) Site 919: Mean NRM/ARM (black points joined by continuous line) compared to mean NRM/IRM (gray/blue points joined by gray dashed line). (b) Site 919 mean NRM/ARM (black points joined by continuous line) compared with the paleointensity proxy (NRM/IRM) from ODP Site 983 [27] and [29] (gray/blue points joined by gray dashed line) and with the Sint-800 paleointensity stack [79] (thick red line without points).

Fig. 13. Virtual geomagnetic poles (VGPs) for u-channel data, spaced at 1-cm, from the Mono Lake and Laschamp interval (30–43 ka), from the Iceland Basin interval (171–194 ka) and from the Pringle Falls interval (201–245 ka). Corresponding declination and inclination data are displayed in Fig. 9.