doi:10.1016/j.envpol.2006.08.013 
Copyright © 2006 Elsevier Ltd All rights reserved.
The antioxidative response system in Glycine max (L.) Merr. exposed to Deltamethrin, a synthetic pyrethroid insecticide
Fozia Bashira, Mahmooduzzafara, T.O. Siddiqia and Muhammad Iqbal
, a, 
aDepartment of Botany, Faculty of Science, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India
Received 14 March 2006;
revised 26 July 2006;
accepted 18 August 2006.
Available online 19 October 2006.
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Abstract
Forty-five-day-old plants of Glycine max (soybean) were exposed to several Deltamethrin (synthetic pyrethroid insecticide) concentrations (0.00 %, 0.05 %, 0.10 %, 0.15 % and 0.20 %) through foliar spray in the field conditions. In the treated plants, as observed at the pre-flowering (10 DAT), flowering (45 DAT) and post-flowering (70 DAT) stages, lipid peroxidation, proline content and total glutathione content increased, whereas the total ascorbate content decreased, as compared with the control. Among the enzymatic antioxidants, activity of superoxide dismutase, ascorbate peroxidase and glutathione reductase increased significantly whereas that of catalase declined markedly in relation to increasing concentration of Deltamethrin applied. The changes observed were dose-dependent, showing a strong correlation with the degree of treatment.
The Deltamethrin-induced oxidative stress alters the ascorbate–glutathione cycle in Glycine max.
Keywords: Deltamethrin; Ascorbate–glutathione cycle; Glycine max; Oxidative stress
Fig. 1. Regression lines based on the regression equations for variation in (A) lipid peroxidation rate, (B) proline accumulation, activity of (C) superoxide dismutase, (D) catalase, (E) glutathione reductase and (F) ascorbate peroxidase, and the (G) total ascorbate and (H) total glutathione contents at the pre-flowering, flowering and post-flowering stages of plant growth. Variable ‘Y’ is dependent on variable ‘X’. The value of ‘r’ shows a high correlation between Y and X.
Table 1.
Variation in lipid peroxidation [(MDA) nmol g−1 fw] at various growth stages of Glycine max treated with different concentrations of Deltamethrin
*P ≤ 0.05.
The values represent Mean ± SE (n = 3).
CD at 5%.
Treatments: 0.007*.
Developmental stages: 0.009*.
Treatment × developmental stages: 0.011*.
Table 2.
Variation in proline content (mg g−1 fw) at various growth stages of Glycine max treated with different concentrations of Deltamethrin
*P ≤ 0.05.
The values represent Mean ± SE (n = 3).
CD at 5%.
Treatments: 1.125*.
Developmental stages: 1.452*.
Treatment × developmental stages: 2.516*.
Table 3.
Variation in superoxide dismutase activity (EU mg−1 protein h−1) at various growth stages of Glycine max treated with different concentrations of Deltamethrin
*P ≤ 0.05.
The values represent Mean ± SE (n = 3).
CD at 5%.
Treatments: 0.619*.
Developmental stages: 0.799*.
Treatment × developmental stages: 1.384*.
Table 4.
Variation in catalase activity (mmol mg−1 protein min−1) at various growth stages of Glycine max treated with different concentrations of Deltamethrin
*P ≤ 0.05.
The values represent Mean ± SE (n = 3).
CD at 5%.
Treatments: 0.385*.
Developmental stages: 0.498*.
Treatment × developmental stages: 0.862*.
Table 5.
Variation in glutathione reductase activity (μmol mg−1 protein min−1) at various growth stages of Glycine max treated with different concentrations of Deltamethrin
*P ≤ 0.05.
The values represent Mean ± SE (n = 3).
CD at 5%.
Treatments: 0.004*.
Developmental stages: 0.005*.
Treatment × developmental stages: 0.008*.
Table 6.
Variation in ascorbate peroxidase activity (μmol mg−1 protein min−1) at various growth stages of Glycine max treated with different concentrations of Deltamethrin
*P ≤ 0.05.
The values represent Mean ± SE (n = 3).
CD at 5%.
Treatments: 0.006*.
Developmental stages: 0.007*.
Treatment × developmental stages: 0.012*.
Table 7.
Variation in total ascorbate content (nmol g−1 fw) at various growth stages of Glycine max treated with different concentrations of Deltamethrin
*P ≤ 0.05.
The values represent Mean ± SE (n = 3).
CD at 5%.
Treatments: 0.070*.
Developmental stages: 0.090*.
Treatment × developmental stages: 0.157*.
Table 8.
Variation in total glutathione content (nmol g−1 fw) at various growth stages of Glycine max treated with different concentrations of Deltamethrin
*P ≤ 0.05.
The values represent Mean ± SE (n = 3).
CD at 5%.
Treatments: 0.385*.
Developmental stages: 0.498*.
Treatment × developmental stages: 0.862*.
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