doi:10.1016/j.engstruct.2004.01.014 
Copyright © 2003 Published by Elsevier Ltd.
Soil–structure interaction effect from blast-induced horizontal and vertical ground vibration
H. J. Ma
, S. T. Quek and K. K. Ang
Department of Civil Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117576, Singapore
Received 16 September 2002;
Revised 24 January 2004;
accepted 24 January 2004.
Available online 11 September 2004.
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Abstract
Although the effect of soil–structure interaction (SSI) due to earthquake has previously been studied, the same cannot be said of blast-induced ground excitation. The latter involves both horizontal and vertical excitation in which the dominant frequency range is higher and the duration shorter than that caused by earthquake. An accepted model for horizontal excitation is adopted for the vertical excitation case to study the SSI on the modal and structural response. Based on the numerical results from a five-storey plane frame with base mass to superstructure mass ratio of 0–0.4 on soil with shear wave velocity (Vs) from 50 to 5000 m/s subjected to dominant frequencies from 10 to 300 Hz, it is found that (i) the soil acts as a low pass filter and mainly affects the top horizontal and vertical displacements through the fundamental mode of vibration; (ii) increasing base mass provides inertia against the input excitation and attenuates the high frequency component thus affecting the base shear and axial force more significantly; (iii) higher Vs of the underlying soil is associated with stiffer soil and hence has decreasing SSI.
Author Keywords: Blast-induced vibration; Horizontal and vertical excitation; Soil–structure interaction; Base mass; Shear wave velocity
Fig. 1. Soil–structure interaction model for MDOF system. (a) Horizontal excitation and (b) vertical excitation.
Fig. 2. Dimensions of five-storey plane frame.
Fig. 3. Response spectra of base excitations of various dominant frequencies and unit peak particle velocity.
Fig. 4. Variation of |Ru0(ω)| and |Rβ0H(ω)| versus excitation frequency ω/2π (horizontal base excitation) (a) |Ru0(ω)| (b) |Rβ0H(ω)|. _______, mb/m=0; – – – –, mb/m=0.1; - - - - , mb/m=0.2; _________, mb/m=0.4. In (b), the four lines are indistinguishable.
Fig. 5. Soil–structure interaction effect on different modes for structure Model 8 subjected to horizontal base excitation of various dominant frequencies (a) 10 Hz, (b) 100 Hz, and (c) 300 Hz ratio of base mass over superstructure mass mb/m: ●, 0; ♦, 0.1; 
, 0.2; +, 0.4.
Fig. 6. Variation of versus excitation on excitation frequency ω/2π (vertical base excitation, structural Model 20). ______, mb/m=0; _ _ _, mb/m=0.1; - - - - -, mb/m=0.2; ________, mb/m=0.4.
Fig. 7. Soil–structure interaction effect on different modes for structure Model 8 subjected to vertical base excitation of various dominant frequencies (a) 10 Hz, (b) 100 Hz, and (c) 300 Hz ratio of base mass over superstructure mass mb/m: ●, 0; ♦, 0.1; , 0.2; +, 0.4.
Fig. 8. Soil–structure interaction effect on top horizontal displacement for structure Model 8 subjected to horizontal base excitation of various dominant frequencies (a) mb/m=0, (b) mb/m=10%, (c) mb/m=20%, and (d) mb/m=40%. Excitation frequency: _______, 10 Hz; _ _ _ _ , 50 Hz; - - - - - , 100 Hz; _____+_____, 200 Hz; _____•______, 300 Hz.
Fig. 9. Soil–structure interaction effect on base shear force for structure Model 8 subjected to horizontal base excitation of various dominant frequencies. (a) mb/m=0, (b) mb/m=10%, (c) mb/m=20%, and (d) mb/m=40%. Excitation frequency: _______, 10 Hz; _ _ _ _ , 50 Hz; - - - - -, 100 Hz; _____+_____, 200 Hz; _____•______, 300 Hz.
Fig. 10. Soil–structure interaction effect on vertical displacement of top storey beam at middle for structure Model 8 subjected to vertical base excitation of various dominant frequencies. (a) mb/m=0, (b) mb/m=10%, (c) mb/m=20%, and (d) mb/m=40%. Excitation frequency: _______, 10 Hz; _ _ _ _, 50 Hz; - - - - - , 100 Hz; _____+_____, 200 Hz; _____•______, 300 Hz.
Fig. 11. Soil–structure interaction effect on base axial force for structure Model 8 subjected to vertical base excitation of various dominant frequencies. (a) mb/m=0, (b) mb/m=10%, (c) mb/m=20%, and (d) mb/m=40%. Excitation frequency: _______, 10 Hz; _ _ _ _ , 50 Hz; - - - - -, 100 Hz; _____+_____, 200 Hz; _____•______, 300 Hz.
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