The characteristics of highly ordered mesoporous carbons as electrode material for electrochemical sensing as compared with carbon nanotubes

doi:10.1016/j.elecom.2008.03.008

Electrochemistry Communications

Volume 10, Issue 6, June 2008, Pages 859-863

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.elecom.2008.03.008 Get rights and content

Abstract

In this paper, the unique properties of highly ordered mesoporous carbons modified glassy carbon electrode (OMCs/GE) are illustrated from comparison with carbon nanotubes modified glassy carbon electrode (CNTs/GE) for the electrochemical sensing applications. Electrochemical behaviors of eight kinds of inorganic and organic electroactive compounds were studied at OMCs/GE, which shows more favorable electron transfer kinetics than that at CNTs/GE. Especially, OMCs/GE exhibits remarkably strong and stable electrocatalytic response toward NADH compared with CNTs/GE. The ability of OMCs to promote electron transfer not only provides a new platform for the development of dehydrogenase-based bioelectrochemical devices, but also indicates a potential of OMCs in a wide range of sensing applications. OMCs prepared are the novel carbon electrode materials, exhibiting more favorable electrochemical reactivity than CNTs for the wide electrochemical sensing applications without pretreatments, while purification or end-opening processing was usually required in case of CNTs.

Introduction

By combining the advantages of nano- and carbon-materials, the unique chemical and physical properties of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have paved the way to new and improved sensing devices, in general, and electrochemical sensors [1], in particular. Since 2004, definitive evidence has been provided for the reactive sites of CNTs as residing in electron transfer from edge-plane-like sites, which occur at defects in CNTs and at the end of nanotubes [2], [3], [4]. Accordingly, Compton’s group suggested that edge plane pyrolytic graphite (EPPG) may conveniently replace CNTs as a substrate for the routine sensing [2], [3], [4].

Besides the carbon-materials mentioned above, highly ordered mesoporous carbons (OMCs) [5] have been receiving much attention owing to the extremely well-ordered pore structure, high specific pore volume and high specific surface area, which make them suitable for applications in catalysis [6], energy storage [7] and sensing etc. [8]. Despite such potential capability of OMCs, there have been only a few studies on the electroanalytical applications [8], [9], [10], [11]. Especially, the unique structure and remarkable advantages of OMCs compared with CNTs have not been cognized so far.

In this work, the characterization and application of OMCs/GE, an advanced electrode system, for the preparation of electrochemical sensing platform are proposed. The comparison of the response at OMCs/GE and CNTs/GE for the electrocatalysis of eight kinds of electroactive compounds (potassium ferricyanide, NADH, l-tyrosine (Trp), glutathione (GSH), norepinephrine (NP), uric acid (UA), acetaminophen (APAP) and dopamine (DA)) suggests that OMCs/GE has more favorable electron transfer kinetics than that of CNTs/GE, which should be a good model for constructing an advanced and promising electrochemical sensing platform based on OMCs for further electrochemical detection of other species.

Section snippets

Reagents

Multiwall carbon nanotubes (CNTs, purity >95%, 10–30 nm diameter) purchased from Shenzhen Nanotech. Port Co. Ltd. (China) were purified further prior to use in concentrated 1 M nitric acid for 18 h by magnetic stirring. OMCs were synthesized according to the previous report [12]. All other chemicals were of analytical reagent grade and were used as received. A 0.1 M pH 7.0 phosphate buffer solution (PBS) was used in all electrochemical studies unless otherwise stated.

Apparatus and measurements

Electrochemical experiments were

characterization of OMCs and CNTs

The morphologies of OMCs and CNTs were first charactered by SEM and TEM. For CNTs/GE (Fig. 1A), the surface of GE was covered with homogenous CNTs with diameter between 10 nm and 30 nm (inset of Fig. 1A). In the SEM image of OMCs (Fig. 1B), OMCs covering GE surface were composed of flake-like particles with the length of 0.5–1.5 μm. The TEM image of OMCs (inset of Fig. 1B) shows OMCs possessed a delicate and ordered surface structure with the pore size at ∼4–5 nm. OMCs and CNTs were further

Conclusions

In this work, we present an advanced electrochemical sensing platform based on 2-D ordered OMCs. The electrochemical behaviors of various electroactive compounds were studied at OMCs/GE, which exhibits more favorable electron transfer kinetics than that at CNTs/GE and GE. Especially, the greatly enhanced electrochemical reactivity of NADH at OMCs/GE may make OMCs extremely attractive for numerous dehydrogenase-based bioelectrochemical devices such as biosensors, biofuel cells, and bioreactors

Acknowledgement

This research was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 20575064 and 20675076).

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The characteristics of highly ordered mesoporous carbons as electrode material for electrochemical sensing as compared with carbon nanotubes

Abstract

Introduction

Section snippets

Reagents

Apparatus and measurements

characterization of OMCs and CNTs

Conclusions

Acknowledgement

Anal. Chim. Acta.

Electrochem. Commun.

Electrochim. Acta

Electroanalysis

Analyst

Chem. Commun.

Chem. Commun.

J. Phys. Chem. B

Nature