Review articleOxidative stress mitigation by antioxidants - An overview on their chemistry and influences on health status
Graphical abstract
Section snippets
Oxidative stress - characterization and its impact on biomolecules
Oxidative stress results from the lack of cellular balance between the pro-oxidant and the antioxidant species. An excessive increase of reactive oxygenated species (ROS), corroborated with an insufficient antioxidant defense or failure of the cells’ buffering system to maintain the redox equilibrium, characterizes oxidative stress, leading to various alterations in biomolecules, which ultimately define disease condition [1]. Oxidative stress, understood as “a disturbance in the prooxidant –
Oxidative stress and cancer
Oxidative stress is tightly linked to initiation and progression of cancer. Moderate amounts of ROS promote stress signaling and contribute to mutation, thus favoring cancer development. Mitochondrial ROS production activates cell redox signaling linked to proliferative responses. The activation of transcription factors such as HIFs (hypoxia-inducible factor) promotes tumorigenesis. Mitochondrial DNA can be impaired by ROS and the resulted mutations were found to regulate the tumorigenic
The concept, classification and roles of antioxidants
The term antioxidant refers to a compound able to impede or retard the oxidation of the substrate, acting at a lower concentration compared to that of the protected substrate. Lipid peroxidation occurs in cell membranes or foodstuffs and follows a radical mechanism involving steps of initiation, propagation and chain termination [196].
Endogenous antioxidants
SOD is a metalloprotein that catalyzes the dismutation of the superoxide anion radical to molecular oxygen and hydrogen peroxide, the latter being depleted by CAT or GPX. In mammals, the term superoxide dismutase encompasses three isoforms, the active site containing one or two distinct atoms of a transition metal, belonging to a cetain oxidation state: cytosolic SOD, extracellular SOD (both containing copper and zinc) and manganese-containing mitochondrial SOD. CuZnSOD enzymes play a pivotal
Dietary antioxidants’ source and influence
The main sources of natural antioxidants are vegetables, fruits, whole grains, green and black tea, wine, beer, coffee and spices. Many studies have confirmed the antioxidant activities of a plethora of vegetables, such as green and yellow peas, chickpea, lentils, common beans, beach bean, fava beans, and yellow and black soybeans. Peanuts, peas and edible beans are rich in phenolics. Red peanut skins contain 7–9% procyanidins, and 50% of these compounds are phenolic oligomers of low molecular
Critical conclusions and prospects
Oxidative stress represents a lack of balance between the pro-oxidant and the antioxidant species that results in conformational and oxidative alterations in key biomolecules. Organic peroxides, misfolded proteins and other oxidized biomolecules become themselves sources of oxidative stress, inducing a vicious cycle that amplifies oxidative impairment. Moreover, oxidative stress triggers inflammation and inversely. Altered proteins can amplify mitochondrial ROS production, contributing to
Declaration of competing interest
The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.
References (402)
- et al.
Detection of oxidative stress-induced carbonylation in live mammalian cells
Free Radic. Biol. Med.
(2015) On the history of oxidative stress: concept and some aspects of current development
Curr. Opin. Toxicol
(2018)- et al.
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) homeostasis and redox regulation in cellular signaling
Cell. Signal.
(2012) - et al.
Nitric oxide inhibits caspase-3 by S-nitrosation in vivo
J. Biol. Chem.
(1999) - et al.
Redox signaling: bioinorganic chemistry at its best
J. Inorg. Biochem.
(2006) Oxidative stress: a concept in redox biology and medicine
Redox Biol.
(2015)- et al.
Peripheral artery disease, redox signaling, oxidative stress-Basic and clinical aspects
Redox Biol.
(2017) - et al.
Oxidative stress and the amyloid beta peptide in Alzheimer’s disease
Redox Biol.
(2018) - et al.
Respiratory chain linked H2O2 production in pigeon heart mitochondria
FEBS Lett.
(1971) - et al.
The cysteine proteome
Free Radic. Biol. Med.
(2015)
Organizers and activators: cytosolic Nox proteins impacting on vascular function
Free Radic. Biol. Med.
Involvement of cytochrome P450 in reactive oxygen species formation and cancer
Adv. Pharmacol.
Oxidants and endothelial dysfunction in: charlene A. McQueen
Biological markers of oxidative stress: applications to cardiovascular research and practice
Redox Biol.
Redox biology: interface of the exposome with the proteome, epigenome and genome
Redox Biol.
Evaluation of oxidative/nitrosative stress biomarkers and DNA damage in buffaloes naturally infected with Theileria annulata
Microb. Pathog.
Redox regulation of protein-tyrosine phosphatases
Arch. Biochem. Biophys.
Impact of inhibition of the autophagy-lysosomal pathway on biomolecules carbonylation and proteome regulation in rat cardiac cells
Redox Biol.
Protein carbonylation in human diseases
Trends Mol. Med.
Signaling properties of 4-hydroxyalkenals formed by lipid peroxidation in diabetes
Free Radic. Biol. Med.
A review of recent studies on malondialdehyde as toxic molecule and biological marker of oxidative stress, Nutr. Metab. Cardiovasc
Dis
Lipoxidation adducts with peptides and proteins: deleterious modifications or signaling mechanisms?
J. Proteomics
Protein lipoxidation: detection strategies and challenges
Redox Biol.
Protein carbonylation and metal-catalyzed protein oxidation in a cellular perspective
J. Proteomics
Analysis of oxidative stress-induced protein carbonylation using fluorescent hydrazides
J. Proteomics
Enzymatic and non-enzymatic detoxification of 4-hydroxynonenal:methodological aspects and biological consequences
Free Radic. Biol. Med.
Autophagy is induced by UVA and promotes removal of oxidized phospholipids and protein aggregates in epidermal keratinocytes
J. Invest. Dermatol.
Redox control of protein degradation
Redox Biol.
Autophagy protects against oxidized low density lipoproteinmediated inflammation associated with preeclampsia
Placenta
Oxidative stress induces transcription of telomeric repeat-containing RNA (TERRA) by engaging PKA signaling and cytoskeleton dynamics
Biochim. Biophys. Acta Mol. Cell Res.
Factors that influence telomeric oxidative base damage and repair by DNA
glycosylase OGG1, DNA Repair (Amst)
c-Myc can induce DNA damage, increase reactive oxygen species, and mitigate p53 function: a mechanism for oncogene-induced genetic instability
Mol. Cell
Hallmarks of cancer: the next generation
Cell
Immunity, inflammation, and cancer
Cell
Lipoxidation targets: From basic mechanisms to pathophysiology
Redox Biol.
Lipoxidation and cancer immunity
Redox Biol.
15-Keto prostaglandin E2 suppresses STAT3 signaling and inhibits breast cancer cell growth and progression
Redox Biol.
NRF2 and the hallmarks of cancer
Canc. Cell
Regulation of stress signaling pathways by protein lipoxidation
Redox Biol.
NRF2 plays a critical role in mitigating lipid peroxidation and ferroptosis
Redox Biol.
Cross talk between mitochondria and NADPH oxidases
Free Radic. Biol. Med.
The effect of peroxynitrite on the catalytic activity of soluble guanylylcyclase
Free Radic. Biol. Med.
Oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction in Alzheimer’s disease
Biochim. Biophys. Acta
NLRP3 inflammasome activation by mitochondrial reactive oxygen species plays a key role in long-term cognitive impairment induced by paraquat exposure
Neurobiol. Aging
Lipid peroxidation and protein oxidation in Alzheimer’s disease brain: potential causes and consequences involving amyloid beta-peptide-associated free radical oxidative stress
Free Radic. Biol. Med.
Redox proteomics identification of oxidized proteins in Alzheimer’s disease hippocampus and cerebellum: an approach to understand pathological and biochemical alterations in AD
Neurobiol. Aging
Amyloid beta-peptide-associated free radical oxidative stress, neurotoxicity, and Alzheimer’s disease
Methods Enzymol.
The 2013 SFRBM discovery award: selected discoveries from the butterfield laboratory of oxidative stress and its sequela in brain in cognitive disorders exemplified by Alzheimer disease and chemotherapy induced cognitive impairment
Free Radic. Biol. Med.
Role of mitochondrial homeostasis and dynamics in Alzheimer’s disease
Neurobiol. Dis.
Alzheimer-specific epitopes of tau represent lipid peroxidation-induced conformations
Free Radic. Biol. Med.
Cited by (351)
Modulation of tumour pyruvate kinase M2 and suppression of cancer cell proliferation using natural and synthetic antioxidants
2024, Journal of Molecular StructureVitamins C, E, and β-Carotene and Risk of Type 2 Diabetes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
2024, Advances in NutritionFocused ultrasound-mediated cerium-based nanoreactor against Parkinson's disease via ROS regulation and microglia polarization
2024, Journal of Controlled Release