Copyright © 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Received 9 February 2004;
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Abstract
Let G be a graph and let Pm(G) denote the number of perfect matchings of G.
We denote the path with m vertices by Pm and the Cartesian product of graphs G and H by G×H. In this paper, as the continuance of our paper [W. Yan, F. Zhang, Enumeration of perfect matchings of graphs with reflective symmetry by Pfaffians, Adv. Appl. Math. 32 (2004) 175–188], we enumerate perfect matchings in a type of Cartesian products of graphs by the Pfaffian method, which was discovered by Kasteleyn. Here are some of our results:
1. Let T be a tree and let Cn denote the cycle with n vertices. Then Pm(C4×T)=∏(2+α2), where the product ranges over all eigenvalues α of T. Moreover, we prove that Pm(C4×T) is always a square or double a square.
2. Let T be a tree. Then Pm(P4×T)=∏(1+3α2+α4), where the product ranges over all non-negative eigenvalues α of T.
3. Let T be a tree with a perfect matching. Then Pm(P3×T)=∏(2+α2), where the product ranges over all positive eigenvalues α of T. Moreover, we prove that Pm(C4×T)=[Pm(P3×T)]2.
Keywords: Perfect matching; Pfaffian orientation; Skew adjacency matrix; Cartesian product; Bipartite graph; Nice cycle







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