The phenomenological approach to modeling the dark energy

Martin Kunz

doi:10.1016/j.crhy.2012.04.007

The phenomenological approach to modeling the dark energy
[Une approche phénoménologique de lʼénergie noire]

Martin Kunz ¹

¹ Département de physique théorique and Center for Astroparticle Physics, université de Genève, quai E. Ansermet 24, CH-1211 Genève 4, Switzerland

Comptes Rendus. Physique, Volume 13 (2012) no. 6-7, pp. 539-565.

Résumé
Abstract

Dans cet article de revue nous discutons pourquoi il est intéressant de considérer la cosmologie au delà du modèle de concordance. Nous montrons ensuite comment décrire lʼénergie noire ou la gravité modifiée en utilisant une description de type fluide avec un paramètre pour le fond cosmologique et deux paramètres de perturbation. Nous passons en revue un certain nombre de modèles dʼénergie noire et étudions comment ils sʼincorporent dans lʼapproche phénoménologique prise ici. Nous considérons des généralisations comme une transition vers une équation dʼétat de type fantôme, une vitesse du son différente de c et un tenseur des contraintes non-isotrope. Nous montrons ensuite comment ces quantités sont lies aux modèles physiques sous-jacents. Nous discutons en fin les limitations des mesures cosmologiques et certains challenges futurs.

In this mini-review we discuss first why we should investigate cosmological models beyond ΛCDM. We then show how to describe dark energy or modified gravity models in a fluid language with the help of one background and two perturbation quantities. We review a range of dark energy models and study how they fit into the phenomenological framework, including generalizations like phantom crossing, sound speeds different from c and non-zero anisotropic stress, and how these effective quantities are linked to the underlying physical models. We also discuss the limits of what can be measured with cosmological data, and some challenges for the framework.

Publié le : 2012-07-01

DOI : 10.1016/j.crhy.2012.04.007

Keywords: Cosmology, Dark energy, General relativity, Cosmological constant, Cosmological perturbation theory
Mot clés : Cosmologie, Énergie noire, Relativité générale, Constante cosmologique, Théorie des perturbations cosmologique

Affiliations des auteurs :

Martin Kunz ¹

¹ Département de physique théorique and Center for Astroparticle Physics, université de Genève, quai E. Ansermet 24, CH-1211 Genève 4, Switzerland

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Martin Kunz. The phenomenological approach to modeling the dark energy. Comptes Rendus. Physique, Volume 13 (2012) no. 6-7, pp. 539-565. doi : 10.1016/j.crhy.2012.04.007. https://comptes-rendus.academie-sciences.fr/physique/articles/10.1016/j.crhy.2012.04.007/

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