doi:10.1016/j.compstruct.2006.11.004 
Copyright © 2006 Elsevier Ltd All rights reserved.
Effect of rod profile and strength on the contact behavior of CFRP–metal couples
A. Al-Mayaha, 
, 
, K. Soudkia and A. Plumtreeb
aDepartment of Civil Engineering, University of Waterloo, Ont., Canada N2L 3G1
bDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, University of Waterloo, Ont., Canada N2L 3G1
Available online 29 December 2006.
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Abstract
The interfacial mechanics of CFRP–metal couples under different contact pressures was studied by considering different composite surface profiles and strengths. The composite rods were in contact with either annealed or as-received aluminum or copper sleeves. The contact shear stress was found to increase significantly when a smooth machined CFRP rod was used. By removing surface perturbations of the rod, the actual contact area increased allowing more mechanical interlocking to take place. The shear stress also increased when a stronger CFRP rod was used especially with a soft sleeve.
Keywords: Contact pressure; CFRP; Copper; Aluminum; Hardness; Friction
Fig. 1. As-received CFRP rod (a) peel ply; (b) surface cross section outside spiral deformation; (c) inside the spiral deformation.
Fig. 2. Test component (a) front view; (b) side view; (c) sleeve for as-received rod; (d) sleeve for machined rod (dimensions in mm).
Fig. 3. Clamping anchor (a) front view; (b) side view; (c) aluminum sleeve (dimensions in mm).
Fig. 4. Pull-out test rig (schematic).
Fig. 5. Typical behavior of slipping mechanism of the CFRP rod.
Fig. 6. Smooth rod surface under 200 MPa contact pressure (a) at the beginning; (b) after 32 mm of sliding; (c) as-received rod after 32 mm of sliding.
Fig. 7. Effect of rod surface on contact shear stress for annealed copper sleeve.
Fig. 8. Sleeve deformation of as-received and smooth rods for (a) unloading; (b) under contact pressure; (c) under contact pressure and pull-out loading.
Fig. 9. Effect of rod surface on amplitude (h) for annealed copper sleeve.
Fig. 10. Effect of sleeve material on contact shear stress for smooth rods.
Fig. 11. Effect of sleeve hardness on contact shear stress for smooth rods using copper sleeves.
Fig. 12. Effect of sleeve hardness on contact shear stress for smooth rods using aluminum sleeves.
Fig. 13. Rod of 300 ksi (2.07 MPa) strength under 200 MPa contact pressure (a) within 2 mm; (b) after 32 mm of sliding.
Fig. 14. Effect of rod strength on contact shear stress for annealed copper sleeve.
Fig. 15. Effect of rod strength on contact shear stress using copper sleeve with different hardness.
Fig. 16. Copper residual on high strength rod surface with as-received copper sleeves.
Fig. 17. Effect of rod strength on amplitude (h) for annealed copper sleeve.
Table 1.
Hardness and yield strength measurements for sleeve metals
Table 2.
Test matrix
Abstract
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