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Computer Networks
Volume 52, Issue 3, 22 February 2008, Pages 675-694
 
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doi:10.1016/j.comnet.2007.11.002    How to Cite or Link Using DOI (Opens New Window)
Copyright © 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Counteracting free riding in Peer-to-Peer networksstar, open

Murat KarakayaCorresponding Author Contact Information, a, E-mail The Corresponding Author, İbrahim Körpeoğlua, E-mail The Corresponding Author and Özgür Ulusoya, E-mail The Corresponding Author

aDepartment of Computer Engineering, Bilkent University, 06800 Ankara, Turkey

Received 11 January 2007; 
revised 10 October 2007; 
accepted 4 November 2007. 
Responsible Editor: Y.C. Hu. 
Available online 17 November 2007.

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Abstract

The existence of a high degree of free riding is a serious threat to Peer-to-Peer (P2P) networks. In this paper, we propose a distributed framework to reduce the adverse effects of free riding on P2P networks. Our solution primarily focuses on locating free riders and taking actions against them. We propose a framework in which each peer monitors its neighbors, decides if they are free riders, and takes appropriate actions. Unlike other proposals against free riding, our framework does not require any permanent identification of peers or security infrastructures for maintaining a global reputation system. Our simulation results show that the framework can reduce the effects of free riding and can therefore increase the performance of a P2P network.

Keywords: Free riding; Peer-to-Peer networks; Gnutella; Distributed computing; Performance evaluation

Article Outline

1. Introduction
2. Related work
3. Our framework and mechanisms against free riding
3.1. How an unstructured P2P network operates
3.2. Our approach
3.3. Counters
3.4. Free riding types
3.4.1. Non-contributor
3.4.2. Consumer
3.4.3. Dropper
3.5. Counter-actions against free riders
3.5.1. Modifying TTL value
3.5.2. Dropping requests
4. Performance evaluation
4.1. Overview of the simulation model
4.2. Performance metrics
4.3. Simulation results and analysis
4.3.1. Evaluation of detection mechanism
4.3.2. Evaluation of counter-actions
4.3.3. Effect of different parameter values
5. Possible attacks to the framework and counter-measures
5.1. Fake QueryHit messages
5.2. Fake files
5.3. Hiding query ownership
5.4. Insufficient cooperation against free riding
5.5. Constantly changing neighbors
6. Conclusion
References
Vitae















Computer Networks
Volume 52, Issue 3, 22 February 2008, Pages 675-694
 
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