Elsevier

Canadian Journal of Cardiology

Volume 33, Issue 9, September 2017, Pages 1201-1205
Canadian Journal of Cardiology

Training/Practice
Health Policy and Promotion
Adult Congenital Heart Disease Intervention: The Canadian Landscape

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cjca.2017.05.018Get rights and content

Abstract

Once considered a childhood disease, the number of adults living with congenital heart disease (CHD) has now exceeded the number of pediatric patients. The landscape of percutaneous intervention for adult congenital heart disease (ACHD) has evolved over the past decade and has yet to be characterized in Canada. The aim of this study was to begin to understand the current infrastructure underlying ACHD interventions in Canada and to characterize the type and number of interventions being carried out across the country. A cross-sectional national survey was distributed by e-mail to all cardiac catheterization laboratory directors in 2015. All Canadian laboratories involved in ACHD interventions responded, encompassing 19 institutions spanning 69 cardiac catheterization laboratories. A total of 1451 percutaneous interventions were recorded. Nationwide, the most common simple ACHD interventions were for atrial septal defect and patent foramen ovale closures. The most common ACHD interventions of increased complexity were for coarctation stenting and transcatheter pulmonary valve implantation. There was a marked clustering of procedures in Ontario, Québec, British Columbia, and Alberta in keeping with Canada's population-density distribution. A total of 23 ACHD operators were identified, half of whom had ACHD-specific fellowship training. These data can be used as a starting point to inform the present state of affairs in the area and lay the groundwork for further work to assess resource allocation and human resource planning for the care of patients with ACHD in Canada.

Résumé

La cardiopathie congénitale, autrefois considérée comme une maladie de l'enfance, touche maintenant un plus grand nombre de patients adultes que de patients pédiatriques. Le paysage des interventions percutanées pour les cardiopathies congénitales de l'adulte (CCA) a évolué au cours de la dernière décennie et n’a pas encore été caractérisé au Canada. L'objectif de cette étude était de commencer à comprendre l'infrastructure qui sous-tend actuellement les interventions pour les CCA au Canada et de catégoriser et de dénombrer les interventions qui sont pratiquées au pays. Une enquête transversale nationale a été menée par courrier électronique auprès de tous les directeurs de laboratoire de cathétérisme cardiaque en 2015. Tous les laboratoires canadiens participant aux interventions visant les CCA ont répondu, soit 69 laboratoires de cathétérisme cardiaque répartis dans 19 établissements. Au total, 1451 interventions percutanées ont été recensées. À l'échelle du pays, les interventions simples pour les CCA les plus courantes étaient la fermeture de la communication interauriculaire et la fermeture du foramen ovale perméable. Les interventions d’une complexité accrue les plus fréquentes étaient la pose d’une endoprothèse dans les cas de coarctation et l'implantation transcathéter de valve pulmonaire. Les interventions étaient regroupées de façon marquée en Ontario, au Québec, en Colombie-Britannique et en Alberta, conformément à la répartition de la densité de population au Canada. Au total, 23 intervenants auprès des CCA ont été recensés, dont la moitié avaient une formation complémentaire sur les CCA. Ces données peuvent servir de point de départ à la description de l'état actuel des choses dans le domaine et jeter les bases d'autres initiatives d’évaluation de l'affectation des ressources et de la planification des ressources humaines consacrées au soin des patients atteints de CCA au Canada.

Section snippets

Methods

A nationwide survey of all cardiac catheterization laboratory directors involved in percutaneous cardiac intervention in Canada was performed. This cross-sectional survey was designed and compiled as an online survey using SurveyMonkey by a subcommittee of the Canadian Association of Interventional Cardiology (CAIC) (E.H., A.A., J.W.). Using a database of cardiac catheterization laboratory directors maintained by CAIC, the survey was distributed by e-mail in January 2015, with regular follow-up

Results

A total of 45 institutions with cardiac catheterization laboratories were identified. Of the 45 cardiac catheterization laboratory directors who were contacted, 33 completed the survey. Nonresponders were contacted, and we confirmed that all centres performing ACHD interventions in Canada were captured. This cohort consisted of 19 institutions spanning 69 laboratories. A summary of all Canadian institutions is presented in Supplementary Table S1.

A variety of ACHD interventions were performed in

Discussion

This national cross-sectional study provides a 1-year snapshot of the current Canadian ACHD landscape by characterizing the nature and volume of the interventions being performed and the interventionalist workforce carrying them out.

This environmental scan was the first to begin to capture volumes of ACHD interventions across the country. A marked regional clustering of procedures and presence of expertise was present, notably in Ontario, Québec, British Columbia, and Alberta. This is in

Conclusions

This study marks the first step toward building a national picture of the ACHD landscape in Canada. We identified the type and volume of ACHD interventions being performed, along with the operators and their training with specific regard to Canadian geography. Further research on the operations of cardiac catheterization laboratories will be important in informing the development of the infrastructure and human resources underlying ACHD care required to meet the national need.

Disclosures

The authors have no conflicts of interest to disclose.

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