doi:10.1016/j.carbon.2006.09.029
Copyright © 2006 Elsevier Ltd All rights reserved.
Synthesis and characterization of 3D double branched K junction carbon nanotubes and nanorods
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Qiang Liua, Wei Liua, Zhi-Min Cuia, Wei-Guo Song
, a,
and Li-Jun Wana, 
aBeijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Institute of Chemistry, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100080, PR China
Received 19 June 2006;
accepted 25 September 2006.
Available online 13 November 2006.
Abstract
Carbon nanobelts, highly branched carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and carbon nanorods (CNRs) were synthesized by the catalytic pyrolysis of acetylene using Fe-catalyst at different temperatures. The 3D double branched K junction and various 2D single branched Y, L, T junctions on CNTs and CNRs were characterized by SEM, TEM, and Raman spectroscopy. The bamboo shaped hollow interior of the K junction indicated a possible growth mechanism of the CNTs.
Fig. 1. SEM images of CNBs (a), CNRs (b) and CNTs (c).
Fig. 2. SEM images of branched CNRs (a–e) and CNTs (f–j). Scale bars are 200 nm.
Fig. 3. EDS and HRTEM of the bright spots circled in Fig. 2: (a) EDS of the CNRs; (b) HRTEM of the CNRs; (c) EDS of the CNTs; (d) HRTEM of the CNTs. Scale bar is 10 nm.
Fig. 4. TEM images of CNRs: (a) overview of a CNR; (b) high magnification image of a K junction; (c) high magnification image of a Y junction, the inset showed SAED pattern of the Y junction; (d) HRTEM images of part of the CNR, the inset showed lattice fringe of a black dot.
Fig. 5. TEM images of CNTs: (a) Y junction; (b–d) 3D K junction.
Fig. 6. HRTEM images of a Y junction on CNTs, the inset showed the SAED pattern of the Y junction.
Fig. 7. Raman spectra of as-synthesized samples: (a) CNTs; (b) CNRs.
Fig. 8. Schematic representations of Y and K junction growth sequences: (a) Growth of the main CNT tube; (b) The initial tube growth stops and a new branch is formed by the base mode; (c1) A Y junction forms by the tip mode; (c2) A temporary Y junction forms by the base mode; (d) A K junction forms by the tip mode; (e and f) TEM images of Y and K junctions with similar curvatures patterns.

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