doi:10.1016/j.cad.2007.06.013
Copyright © 2007 Elsevier Ltd All rights reserved.
Integrative 3D modelling of complex carving surface
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Yutuo Chena, 
, 
, Xuli Hana, Minoru Okadab and Y. Chenc
aSchool of Information Science and Engineering, Central South University, China
bGraduate School of Information, Production and Systems, Waseda University, Japan
cDepartment of Automatic Control, Northwestern Polytechnical University, China
Received 21 August 2006;
accepted 4 June 2007.
Available online 10 July 2007.
Abstract
Modelling of a complex carving surface is the most important process for digitization of art carving such as Chinese classical furniture carving, and it is difficult to be fulfilled. However, a complex 2D curve flower pattern can be easily acquired or drawn by handcraft or a drawing software. This paper presents a quick integrative 3D modeling method of complex carving surface based on a 2D curve flower pattern. The proposed method uses a scanning analysis algorithm, a normal distribution function and a distance function to model and create carving tracks. In this paper, the delamination, combination and interpolation of modelling process are described as well. The provided research method will make the modelling of complex carving surface more intelligent, agile, and will meet the requirement of integrative 3D modelling of digital art carving. Experimental results show that this method is of quick modelling and multi-model effective characteristics with realizable interactive designing and excellent practicability.
Keywords: 3D modelling; Complex carving surface; Multilayer model; Combinating model; Model interpolation
Fig. 1. Some carved products.
Fig. 2. Optimized 2D curve flower patterns.
Fig. 3. Transforming from 2D sketchs to the optimized 2D graphics.
Fig. 4. Scan examples of a local graph of Fig. 2(a).
Fig. 5. A special scan example of a local graph of Fig. 1(c).
(a) The filled scan lines by vertical scan.
(b) The midpoints by vertical scan.
(c) The filled scan lines by horizontal scan.
(d) The midpoints by horizontal scan.
Fig. 6. The filled scan lines and midpoints are acquired in horizontal and vertical direction.
Fig. 7. Different scan path directions. (a) and (b) are the angle scan path directions. (c) is the circle scan path direction. (d) is the radial scan path direction.
Fig. 8. The detailed graph of Fig. 2(c).
Fig. 9. The local graphs of every layer in Fig. 8 (a), (b), (c), (d) and (e) are called outside outline layer, inside outline layer, eyes, eyepits layer and eyeballs layer, respectively.
(a) The curve of Eq. (1).
(b) The curve of Eq. (4).
(c) The curve of Eq. (5).
Fig. 10. Corresponding function curves of Eqs. (1), (4) and (5).
Fig. 11. The block diagram of layered modelling.
Fig. 12. (a) The midpoints of a local graph of inside outline layer by horizontal scan. (b) The midpoints of a local graph of outside outline layer by horizontal scan. (c) A local model of inside outline layer by horizontal scan. (d) A local model of outside outline layer by horizontal scan.
(a) A local model by horizontal scan.
(b) A local model by vertical scan.
(c) The combined model of (a) and (b).
Fig. 13. The combination of a local model in inside outline layer of Fig. 8.
Fig. 14. A local combined model of Z1 by the horizontal models of inside outline and outside outline two layers in Fig. 8.
Fig. 15. A local combined model by horizontal and vertical models of four layers in Fig. 8.
Fig. 16. A local combined model by horizontal models of four layers.
Fig. 17. A interpolated model of the eye of dragon in Fig. 8.
Fig. 18. Model created by horizontal scan algorithm.
Fig. 19. Model created by vertical scan algorithm.
Fig. 21. A combined model of horizontal models of inside and outside layers.
Fig. 22. A combined model of horizontal and vertical models of inside layer.
Fig. 23. A combined model of horizontal and vertical models of inside and outside layers.
Fig. 24. A rendered model.
Fig. 25. A local rendered model.
(a) Optimized 2D graph.
(b) The model.
(c) Carving process.
(d) The product.
Fig. 26. An example of application.
Corresponding address: School of Computer Science, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, 498 Shaoshan South Road, 410004 Changsha, Hunan, China. Tel.: +86 13319528028; fax: +86 7315623008.
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