doi:10.1016/j.bmcl.2005.06.035
Copyright © 2005 Elsevier Ltd All rights reserved.
Utilizing the intramolecular Fukuyama–Mitsunobu reaction for a flexible synthesis of novel heterocyclic scaffolds for peptidomimetic drug design
Christoph W. Zapf
,
, Juan R. Del Valle and Murray Goodman†
Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0343, USA
Received 23 May 2005;
revised 6 June 2005;
accepted 6 June 2005.
Available online 5 July 2005.
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Graphical abstract
We report the flexible syntheses of two scaffolds which derive from amino acids and can be decorated with a variety of pharmacophores while retaining full control over all stereocenters.
Abstract
We report the synthesis of the novel scaffolds pyrazino[1,2-b]isoquinoline and pyrrolo[1,2-a]pyrazine displaying the somatostatin pharmacophores. Both classes of compounds contain a pyrazine heterocycle, which can be prepared in a straightforward manner utilizing an intramolecular Fukuyama–Mitsunobu reaction. As both the families derive from amino acids, they can be accessed in high optical purity.
Graphical abstract
We report the flexible syntheses of two scaffolds which derive from amino acids and can be decorated with a variety of pharmacophores while retaining full control over all stereocenters.
Keywords: Scaffolds; Pyrazino[1,2-b]isoquinoline; Pyrrolo[1,2-a]pyrazine; Fukuyama–Mitsunobu; Peptidomimetics
Article Outline
- References
Figure 1. Compounds which have been shown to selectively bind with high affinity to one of the five human somatostatin receptor subtypes.
Scheme 1. Retrosynthetic analysis of target structures 1 and 2.
Scheme 2. Reagents: (a) SOCl2, MeOH; (b) 2-nitro-benzenesulfonyl chloride, Et3N, DCM, 80%; (c) LiOH, MeOH, H2O, quant.; (d) BF3·OEt2, BH3·SMe2, THF, 78%; (e) EDC, HOBt, Et3N, DMF, 77%; (f) DIAD, PPh3, THF; (g) Boc2O, DMAP, CH3CN; and (h) PhSH, DBU, DMF, 41%, three steps.
Scheme 3. Reagents: (a) 11, PyBroP,Et3N, DMF, 80%; (b) 4 N HCl, dioxane, quant.; and (c) 13, DIEA, DMF, 31%.
Scheme 4. The synthesis of epi-12 was carried out using l-tryptophan.
Scheme 5. Reagents: (a) 16, PyBroP, Et3N, DMF, 27%; (b) 4 N HCl, dioxane, quant.
Scheme 6. Reagents: (a) EDC, HOBt, Et3N, DMF, 62%; (b) DIAD, PPh3, THF; (c) Boc2O, DMAP, CH3CN; (d) PhSH, DBU, DMF, 33%, three steps; (e) 11, PyBroP, Et3N, DMF, 80%; and (f) 4 N HCl, dioxane, quant.
Figure 2. Series of compounds prepared by means of the intramolecular Fukuyama–Mitsunobu reaction.