Archival ReportType 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Potentially Modifiable Risk Factor for Neurochemical Brain Changes in Bipolar Disorders
Section snippets
Methods and Materials
This was a cross-sectional study of BD subjects recruited from the Maritime Bipolar Registry (13) and control subjects recruited through advertisement. The study was approved by the Ethics Committee of Capital District Health Authority and all included subjects signed the informed consent.
Description of the Participants
We analyzed data from 59 subjects: 33 participants with BD and impaired glucose metabolism (15 with IR, 4 with GI, and 14 with T2DM), 15 euglycemic BD patients, and 11 euglycemic, psychiatrically healthy control subjects. The BD + T2DM subjects had higher BMI, greater proportion of participants with dyslipidemia, and lower proportion of Li treated subjects than the other groups (F3,55 = 3.81, p = .02, χ23 = 24.5, p < .001, χ22 = 7.37, p = .03, respectively). The average age at T2DM diagnosis
Discussion
The main findings of this study are that BD patients with impaired glucose metabolism showed lower prefrontal NAA levels than euglycemic BD subjects, who had comparable NAA with euglycemic, nonpsychiatric control subjects. The largest extent of changes were found in BD + T2DM subjects, but even the BD + IR/GI group had significantly lower NAA than the euglycemic participants. The NAA was positively associated with tCr, which showed a similar pattern of between-group differences as the NAA. Both
Acknowledgments and Disclosures
This study was supported by funding from the Canadian Institutes of Health Research (103703, 106469, and 64410), the Nova Scotia Health Research Foundation, the Dalhousie Clinical Research Scholarship to Dr. Hajek and NARSAD Young Investigator Award to Dr. Calkin. The sponsors of the study had no role in the design or conduct of this study; in the collection, management, analysis, and interpretation of the data; or in the preparation, review, or approval of the manuscript.
We thank Julie
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