Archival ReportAre There Progressive Brain Changes in Schizophrenia? A Meta-Analysis of Structural Magnetic Resonance Imaging Studies
Section snippets
Literature Search
A comprehensive search of the electronic databases EMBASE (from 1980), PsycINFO (from 1801), and Ovid MEDLINE (from 1950) was conducted using the following search strategy: ([Magnetic Resonance Imaging] OR [MRI]) AND ([Schizophrenia] OR [schizo*]) AND ([Cohort] OR [Prospective] OR [Longitudinal] OR [Follow-up] OR [Follow adj2 up] OR [Repeat] OR [Reassessed] OR [Change adj2 time]). Both free-text and expanded medical subject headings were used. The search strategy was supplemented using a cited
Results
The electronic literature search of the three databases yielded 486 articles, of which 151 were retrieved in full-text format (Figure S1 in Supplement 1). Fifty-three studies were identified as being potentially appropriate to be included in the meta-analysis. However, seven of these studies concerned regions that were not examined in any other paper and so were not suitable for meta-analysis. Several studies did not report means and standard deviations of brain volume changes over time, in
Progressive Brain Changes in Schizophrenia
Findings from this systematic review and meta-analysis suggest that patients with schizophrenia in comparison with healthy control subjects exhibit statistically significant progressive reductions in whole brain, whole brain gray matter, and frontal lobe volumes, as well as frontal, parietal, and temporal lobe white matter decrements and lateral ventricular volume enlargement over time. In contrast, no progressive volumetric changes were detected in medial temporal lobe subregions, namely the
References (113)
- et al.
Schizophrenia as a progressive brain disease
Eur Psychiatry
(2008) - et al.
Ventricle-to-brain ratio in schizophrenia: A controlled follow-up study
Biol Psychiatry
(1989) - et al.
Progressive ventricular enlargement in schizophrenia: Comparison to bipolar affective disorder and correlation with clinical course
Biol Psychiatry
(1990) - et al.
Follow up MRI study in first episode schizophrenia
Schizophr Res
(1991) - et al.
Three-year follow-up of older schizophrenics: Extrapyramidal syndromes, psychiatric symptoms, and ventricular brain ratio
Biol Psychiatry
(1991) - et al.
Cerebral ventricular enlargement in schizophreniform disorder does not progressA seven year follow-up study
Schizophr Res
(1994) - et al.
Stability of ventricular size after the onset of psychosis in schizophrenia
Psychiatry Res
(1991) - et al.
Stability of cerebral ventricular size from the appearance of the first psychotic symptoms to the later diagnosis of schizophrenia
Biol Psychiatry
(1994) - et al.
Neurodevelopmental mechanisms of schizophrenia: Understanding disturbed postnatal brain maturation through neuregulin-1-ErbB4 and DISC1
Trends Neurosci
(2009) Evidence for neurodevelopment disturbances in anterior cingulate cortex of post-mortem schizophrenic brain
Schizophr Res
(1991)
Anatomic abnormalities of the anterior cingulate cortex before psychosis onset: An MRI study of ultra-high-risk individuals
Biol Psychiatry
Schizophrenia as a chronic active brain process: A study of progressive brain structural change subsequent to the onset of schizophrenia
Psychiatry Res
Progressive brain volume loss in schizophrenia over the course of the illness: Evidence of maturational abnormalities in early adulthood
Biol Psychiatry
A review of MRI findings in schizophrenia
Schizophr Res
Brain morphology in first-episode schizophrenia: A meta-analysis of quantitative magnetic resonance imaging studies
Schizophr Res
Workshop on defining the significance of progressive brain change in schizophrenia: December 12, 2008 American College of Neuropsychopharmacology (ACNP) all-day satellite, Scottsdale, ArizonaThe rapporteurs' report
Schizophr Res
Meta-analysis in clinical trials
Control Clin Trials
Progression of cerebroventricular enlargement and the subtyping of schizophrenia
Psychiatry Res
A longitudinal study of hippocampal volume in first episode psychosis and chronic schizophrenia
Schizophr Res
Cerebral ventricular change over the first 10 years after the onset of schizophrenia
Psychiatry Res
Increase in gray matter and decrease in white matter volumes in the cortex during treatment with atypical neuroleptics in schizophrenia
Schizophr Res
Longitudinal volumetric MRI study in first- and multiple-episode male schizophrenia patients
Psychiatry Res
Neocortical gray matter volume in first-episode schizophrenia and first-episode affective psychosis: A cross-sectional and longitudinal MRI study
Biol Psychiatry
Progressive deformation of deep brain nuclei and hippocampal-amygdala formation in schizophrenia
Biol Psychiatry
Poor outcome in chronic schizophrenia is associated with progressive loss of volume of the putamen
Schizophr Res
A prospective longitudinal volumetric MRI study of superior temporal gyrus gray matter and amygdala-hippocampal complex in chronic schizophrenia
Schizophr Res
Cognitive impairment and negative symptoms in geriatric chronic schizophrenic patients: A follow-up study
Schizophr Res
Neurocognitive function and outcome in first-episode schizophrenia: A 10-year follow-up of an epidemiological cohort
Schizophr Res
Ten year longitudinal study of neuropsychological functioning subsequent to a first episode of schizophrenia
Schizophr Res
DTI and MTR abnormalities in schizophrenia: Analysis of white matter integrity
Neuroimage
Diffusion tensor imaging in schizophrenia
Biol Psychiatry
State-related changes in cerebral white matter may underlie psychosis exacerbation
Psychiatry Res
Synaptic plasticity and dysconnection in schizophrenia
Biol Psychiatry
Meta-analysis of diffusion tensor imaging studies in schizophrenia
Schizophr Res
Is schizophrenia a neurodegenerative disorder?A clinical and neurobiological perspective
Biol Psychiatry
The amygdala and schizophrenia: A volumetric magnetic resonance imaging study in first-episode, neuroleptic-naive patients
Biol Psychiatry
Globus pallidus volume is related to symptom severity in neuroleptic naive patients with schizophrenia
Schizophr Res
Pituitary volume in neuroleptic-naïve schizophrenia: A structural MRI study
Schizophr Res
Grey matter changes over time in high risk subjects developing schizophrenia
Neuroimage
Female specific anterior cingulate abnormality and its association with empathic disability in schizophrenia
Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry
Reproducibility of brain tissue volumes in longitudinal studies: Effects of changes in signal-to-noise ratio and scanner software
Neuroimage
Superior temporal gyrus volume change in schizophrenia: A review on region of interest volumetric studies
Brain Res Rev
Lehrbuch der Psychiatrie 5 and 6 Auflage
Neurotoxicity, neuroplasticity, and magnetic resonance imaging morphometry: What is happening in the schizophrenic brain?
Arch Gen Psychiatry
The concept of progressive brain change in schizophrenia: Implications for understanding schizophrenia
Schizophr Bull
Pneumoencephalographic studies in mental disease
Acta Psychiatr Scand Suppl
Stability of CT scan findings in schizophrenia: Results of an 8 year follow-up study
J Neurol Neurosurg, Psychiatry
Cerebral ventricular enlargement in schizophreniaA preliminary follow-up study
Arch Gen Psychiatry
Brain morphology in schizophrenia: A 2- to 5-year CT scan follow-up study
Acta Psychiatr Scand
Longitudinal perspectives on the pathophysiology of schizophreniaExamining the neurodevelopmental versus neurodegenerative hypotheses
Schizophr Res
Cited by (397)
The schizophrenia syndrome, circa 2024: What we know and how that informs its nature
2024, Schizophrenia ResearchNegative symptoms in schizophrenia: Newly emerging measurements, pathways, and treatments
2023, Schizophrenia ResearchAntipsychotic treatment effects and structural MRI brain changes in schizophrenia
2023, Psychological MedicineAnterior hippocampal dysfunction in early psychosis: A 2-year follow-up study
2023, Psychological Medicine