Advances in the neurobiology of pediatric bipolar disorderPsychopathology in the Offspring of Parents with Bipolar Disorder: A Controlled Study
Section snippets
Participants
Participants were 117 nonreferred offspring of 88 parents with bipolar disorder (hereafter referred to as high-risk offspring) and 171 comparison offspring of parents without bipolar disorder or major depression. Parents with bipolar disorder were recruited from among patients in treatment at the Harvard Bipolar Research Program (HBRP) at the Massachusetts General Hospital. Parents were informed of the study via advertisements in the waiting room and letters to clinicians and contacted the
Demographic Variables
Demographic variables are displayed in Table 1. There were no differences between the high-risk and comparison offspring in mean age, gender, ethnicity, or socioeconomic status (SES). There was a difference between the groups in the rates of family intactness (p < .05). Only 66.4% of high-risk offspring lived with both biological parents, compared with 91.8% of comparison offspring. In the high-risk group, 71.5% of affected parents were diagnosed with bipolar I, and 27.5% were diagnosed with
Discussion
This study examined the prevalence of psychiatric disorders in a large sample of offspring of parents with and without bipolar disorder. Compared with offspring of parents without mood disorders, high-risk youth had elevated rates of unipolar and bipolar mood disorders, anxiety, and disruptive behavior disorders. High-risk offspring also had significantly more impaired GAF scores and higher rates of placement in special education classes. These findings support the hypothesis that offspring of
References (78)
- et al.
Clinical correlates of ADHD in femalesFindings from a large group of girls ascertained from pediatric and psychiatric referral sources
J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry
(1999) - et al.
Diagnostic continuity between child and adolescent ADHDFindings from a longitudinal clinical sample
J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry
(1998) - et al.
Further evidence of unique developmental phenotypic correlates of pediatric bipolar disorderFindings from a large sample of clinically referred preadolescent children assessed over the last 7 years
J Affect Disord
(2004) - et al.
Pediatric maniaA developmental subtype of bipolar disorder?
Biol Psychiatry
(2000) - et al.
Can a subtype of conduct disorder linked to bipolar disorder be identified? Integration of findings from the Massachusetts General Hospital Pediatric Psychopharmacology Research Program
Biol Psychiatry
(2003) - et al.
Childhood behavior problems and bipolar disorderRelationship or coincidence?
J Affect Disord
(1993) - et al.
Bipolar offspringA window into bipolar disorder evolution
Biol Psychiatry
(2003) - et al.
Psychiatric phenomenology of child and adolescent bipolar offspring
J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry
(2000) - et al.
Reliability and relationship of various ages of onset criteria for major affective disorder
J Affect Disord
(1987) - et al.
The genetics of pediatric onset bipolar disorder
Biol Psychiatry
(2003)
Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder with bipolar disorderA familial subtype?
J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry
How reliable are maternal reports of their children’s psychopathology? One-year recall of psychiatric diagnoses of ADHD children
J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry
Is comorbidity with ADHD a marker for juvenile onset mania?
J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry
Diagnoses in school-age children of bipolar affective disorder patients and normal controls
J Affect Disord
Psychopathology in children aged 10-17 of bipolar parentsPsychopathology rate and correlates of the severity of the psychopathology
J Affect Disord
The prevalence and disability of bipolar spectrum disorders in the US populationRe-analysis of the ECA database taking into account subthreshold cases
J Affect Disord
Suicidal ideation and attemptsA longitudinal investigation of children of depressed and well mothers
J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry
Major depression in community adolescentsAge at onset, episode duration, and time to recurrence
J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry
Obsessive-compulsive bipolar comorbidityFocus on children and adolescents
J Affect Disord
Long-term implications of early onset in bipolar disorderData from the first 1000 participants in the systematic treatment enhancement program for bipolar disorder (STEP-BD)
Biol Psychiatry
Lifetime prevalence and age of onset of psychiatric disordersRecall 4 years later
J Psychiatr Res
Young children of affectively ill parentsA longitudinal study of psychosocial development
J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry
Psychopathology in the adolescent offspring of bipolar parents
J Affect Disord
Comparing anxiety disorders and anxiety-related traits in bipolar disorder and unipolar depression
J Psychiatr Res
Ages of onset and rates of syndromal and subsyndromal comorbid DSM-IV diagnoses in a prepubertal and early adolescent bipolar disorder phenotype
J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry
Prevalence of psychopathology in children of a bipolar parent
J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry
Mania-like symptoms suggestive of childhood-onset bipolar disorder in clinically referred children
J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry
Psychosocial outcomes of children of unipolar depressed, bipolar, medically ill, and normal womenA longitudinal study
J Consult Clin Psychol
Is bipolar disorder specifically associated with panic disorder in youths?
J Clin Psychiatry
Methodological complexities in the diagnosis of major depression in youthAn analysis of mother and youth self-reports
J Child Adolesc Psychopharmacol
Do children aged 9 through 11 years understand the DISC Version 2.25 questions?
J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry
Developmental trajectories of childhood disruptive behaviors and adolescent delinquencyA six-site, cross-national study
Dev Psychol
Health care utilization and costs among privately insured patients with bipolar I disorder
Bipolar Disord
Impact of bipolar disorder on a U.S. community sample
J Clin Psychiatry
Predicting girls’ conduct disorder in adolescence from childhood trajectories of disruptive behaviors
J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry
Regression models and life tables (with discussion)
J R Stat Soc [Ser B]
A prepubertal and early adolescent bipolar disorder-I phenotypeReview of phenomenology and longitudinal course
Bipolar Disord
Suicide risk in bipolar patientsThe role of co-morbid substance use disorders
Bipolar Disord
Review of studies of child and adolescent offspring of bipolar parents
Bipolar Disord
Cited by (180)
The validity and reliability of preschool age psychiatric assessment (PAPA) in Turkish population
2024, Asian Journal of PsychiatryFunctional outcomes across development in offspring of parents with bipolar disorder
2023, Journal of Affective DisordersA systematic review and meta-analysis of global and social functioning among people at risk of bipolar disorder
2023, Journal of Affective DisordersCitation Excerpt :There was high heterogeneity (τ2 = 10.44), which was largely attributable to differences in true effect size. Three studies were not included as raw functioning data were not presented in their findings and the authors were unable to be contacted (Christiani et al., 2021; Henin et al., 2005; Palacio-Ortiz et al., 2017). One was excluded as it included second-degree relatives in its high risk group (Weintraub et al., 2020a, 2020b).
Maternal smoking during pregnancy and poor academic performance in adolescent offspring: A registry data-based cohort study
2021, Addictive BehaviorsCitation Excerpt :Moreover, a self-reported history of smoking during pregnancy has been shown strong agreement with blood cotinine level in a prospective birth cohort study in Australia that validated a self-reported history of smoking in a subset of participants (238) (Stick, Burton, Gurrin, Sly, & Lesouef, 1996). A range of paternal, maternal, and offspring confounders that have been found to be associated with both MSDP and offspring academic attainment were adjusted for in our final analysis (Agirdag & Vanlaar, 2016; Batstra et al., 2003; Boksa, 2017; Chen et al., 2020; Chudal et al., 2015; Grimsrud et al., 2009; Henin et al., 2005; Islam, 2015; Knorr et al., 2015; Knudsen, Ystrom, Skogen, & Torgersen, 2015; Kristjansson et al., 2018; Lambe et al., 2006; Martin et al., 2005; O'Callaghan et al., 2010; Ong, Chandran, Lim, Chen, & Poh, 2010; Pan et al., 2010; Rantakallio, 1983; Rogers & Reese, 1964). These included sociodemographic characteristics─ such as maternal age (<25, 25–34 and ≥ 35), parental education (degree and above, diploma, certificate, none school qualifications, unknown/not stated), marital status (never married/defacto, married, divorced/separated/widowed), and parental occupation (managers/professionals, tradesman/other paid workers, non-paid workers, unknown/not stated), child sex (male or female), clinical factors (chronic medical conditions such as maternal hypertension and diabetes mellitus (yes or no)), maternal perinatal psychiatric admissions (yes or no), birth weight (≥2500 or < 2500), and language spoken at home (English or others).
A Longitudinal Study of Psychiatric Disorders in Offspring of Parents With Bipolar Disorder From Preschool to Adolescence
2021, Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry