Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications
Hydrogen-rich pure water prevents superoxide formation in brain slices of vitamin C-depleted SMP30/GNL knockout mice
Section snippets
Materials and methods
Hydrogen-rich pure water. Pure water was produced by the following processes: passage through (1) a reverse osmosis/ultrafiltration unit, (2) an ion-exchange resin, and (3) an ultrafiltration membrane (pure water: pH 6.9 ± 0.05; electric conductivity 0.7 ± 0.2 μS/cm). Hydrogen-rich pure water then resulted from dissolving hydrogen gas directly into pure water and had the following physical properties: pH 6.7 ± 0.1, low electric conductivity (0.9 ± 0.2 μS/cm), high content of dissolved hydrogen (1.2 ± 0.1
Effect of hydrogen-rich pure water on body weight
SMP30/GNL KO mice were divided into three groups, mice fed hydrogen-rich pure water (H2), VC water (VC), or pure water (H2O) after weaning at 30 days of age. To investigate the effect of H2, VC, or H2O administration on growth, we compared body weight changes (Fig. 1). All three groups of SMP30/GNL KO mice gained the same amount of weight throughout the experiment. That is, the body weights of H2, VC, and H2O administration groups at 63 days of age were 26.1 ± 0.5, 25.0 ± 1.1, and 24.9 ± 0.9 g,
Discussion
In this study, we demonstrated that the administration of hydrogen-rich pure water created a pronounced decrease of superoxide formation in brain slices. These brain tissues came from VC-negative SMP30/GNL KO mice and were examined during hypoxia-reoxygenation treatment by using a real-time biographic system in which Lucigenin functioned as a chemiluminescence probe that detects superoxide. This outcome reflects a decrease of ROS generation in brain slices during ischemia and coincides with the
Acknowledgments
This study is supported by a Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research from the Ministry of Education, Science, and Culture, Japan (to A.I., S.H. and N.S.), and a Grant-in-Aid for Smoking Research Foundation, Japan (to A.I.). We thank Ms. P. Minick for the excellent English editorial assistance. Vitamin C powder was kindly provided by DSM Nutrition Japan.
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These authors contributed equally to this work.