Plasticity in behavioural responses and resistance to temperature stress in Musca domestica
Section snippets
Fly Populations and Rearing Protocol
The fly populations used were all collected from the field in the summer and autumn of 2011 and had been kept in the laboratory for four to eight generations before being used. The Danish population of adult flies was collected at a pig farm in June 2011 from Djursland (56.38°N, 10.24°E), the Swiss population at a pig farm near the University of Zürich-Irchel (47.40°N, 8.55°E) and the Spanish population at Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal, Barcelona (41.30°N, 2.05°E) in October 2011. All
Results
Temperature data from climate stations close to the collection sites show that the northernmost Danish site had the lowest recorded temperature, lowest average low temperature and lowest average temperature (Table 1). The southernmost Spanish site had the highest average temperature and highest average high temperature. The Swiss site, located 569 m above sea level, had intermediate values except for highest recorded temperature.
Discussion
We compared three populations of M. domestica originating from different thermal habitats with respect to heat resistance and two behavioural traits (flight and locomotor activity, plus associated wing morphology) measured at both benign and stressful temperatures. The results suggest adaptive differentiation in heat resistance and behavioural traits between populations. The Spanish adult flies survived best at excessively high temperatures and Danish flies survived worst. These results are
Acknowledgments
This work was supported by the Danish Council for Independent Research, Natural Sciences (grant number 0602-01916B to A.K.), the Danish Natural Science Research Council (grant number 95095995 to C.P.), the European Community's Seventh Framework Programme (grant number 244547 to B.H. and S.B.), and the Aalborg Zoo Conservation Foundation (grant number AZCF 03-04) (S.B.) and the Danish Council for Independent Research, Science Technology and Innovation (grant number 11-116256 to S.B.). The
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2021, Journal of Thermal BiologyCitation Excerpt :Furthermore, other responses such as shifts in energy metabolism or locomotion, which are major components of an organism’s ability to cope with changing environments (Domenici et al., 2007; Dillon et al., 2010; Bahrndorff et al., 2016), have not been fully explored in the context of thermal plasticity (but see Carbonell et al., 2017). Insect locomotion is highly temperature dependent and is progressively impaired outside optimal temperature ranges (Berrigan and Partridge, 1997), long before effects are observed on survival (Kjærsgaard et al., 2015). Locomotion has been shown to be a plastic behavioural trait, influenced by developmental and adult temperature in insects (Angilletta et al., 2002; Barnhdoff et al., 2016).
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