Clinical research studyRace/Ethnicity, Sleep Duration, and Diabetes Mellitus: Analysis of the National Health Interview Survey
Section snippets
Procedures
The NHIS is a cross-sectional household interview survey conducted annually by the National Center for Health Statistics of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. It uses a multistage area probability design that provides representative samples of US households. On the basis of this design, probability samples of the civilian population of all 50 states and the District of Columbia were obtained. Details on sample design can be found in Design and Estimation for the NHIS, 1995-2005.16
Participants
A total of 29,818 Americans (age range: 18-85 years) enrolled in the 2005 NHIS provided complete data for this analysis. Of the sample, 85% self-reported their race/ethnicity as white and 15% as black (15%). Among the respondents, the average age was 47.4 years, and 56% were female.
Sociodemographic and health characteristics of study participants are provided in Table 1. Overall, blacks were younger than their white counterparts; blacks were more likely to be female and to report a yearly
Discussion
Our analysis of the 2005 NHIS data showed that participants who report short and long sleep duration are at increased risk for diabetes. Specifically, individuals who report short sleep duration (<6 hours) were nearly twice as likely (odds ratio 1.91) to have diabetes compared with individuals who report normal sleep duration (6-8 hours). Likewise, long sleep duration (>8 hours) was strongly associated with the presence of diabetes (odds ratio 2.25) compared with normal sleep duration. The
Conclusions
Our analysis suggests that sleep should be targeted in the management of diabetes. In particular, a sleep component should be incorporated into treatment management programs, highlighting the need for adequate sleep in reducing the risk of diabetes. Our study shows diabetes risk is higher in black American short and long sleepers than in their white counterparts, and efforts to increase awareness of the link between aberrant sleep and diabetes will be beneficial for blacks, with the most
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Funding: This research was supported by funding from the National Institutes of Health (R25HL105444 and R01MD004113).
Conflict of Interest: None.
Authorship: All authors had access to the data and played a role in writing this manuscript.