Preventative CardiologyDeterminants of Racial/Ethnic Differences in Cardiorespiratory Fitness (from the Dallas Heart Study)
Section snippets
Methods
The DHS is a longitudinal, multiethnic population-based probability sample of Dallas County residents, with oversampling of self-reported black participants to ensure approximately 50% of black and non-black participants. Details of the study design and recruitment procedures have been previously described.9 The original cohort was enrolled from 2000 to 2002, and original participants and their spouses or significant others were invited to participate in phase 2 of the DHS in 2007 to 2009. At
Results
We included 2,617 participants (58.6% women, 48.6% black, 35.7% white, 15.7% Hispanic). Baseline clinical and demographic characteristics of the study participants across racial/ethnic groups are listed in Table 1. Blacks had higher BMI, systolic blood pressure, and smoking prevalence, and lower annual income compared with whites and Hispanics. Mean CRF and the proportion of participants meeting guideline recommended minimum physical activity levels were also lower among blacks. In unadjusted
Discussion
In the present study, we observed significant racial/ethnic differences in CRF in this cohort of healthy middle-aged subjects. CRF levels were significantly lower in blacks and Hispanics compared with whites after adjustment for age and sex. The racial/ethnic difference in CRF between Hispanics and whites was related to differences in BMI, lifestyle factors, and SES. In contrast, CRF differences between blacks and whites were only partially attenuated after adjustment for these covariates and
Disclosures
The authors have no conflicts of interest to disclose.
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2022, American Journal of CardiologyCitation Excerpt :We also observed that CRF was longitudinally associated with PAT in Whites only, and this might be due to known differences in visceral adipose distribution and/or consistently larger sample size over time in Whites versus Blacks. In contrast, differences in associations between CRF and PAT by sex and age groups were less explicit possibly because men have more PAT than women, whereas women have poorer CRF than men, and both “younger” and “older” groups in our study were young adults between 18 and 34 years, suggesting that CRF may be associated with PAT across this age continuum.28 Strengths of our study include the large sample size, repeated measures of research variables, thorough examinations of many potential confounding factors, and a criterion measure of PAT.
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2018, Mayo Clinic ProceedingsCitation Excerpt :Potential pathways for the observed inverse association between CRF and stroke risk in whites include its direct effect on carotid atheroma burden, arterial stiffness, neuroprotective factors, and endothelial dysfunction, as well as its favorable effect on the downstream development of stroke risk factors such as hypertension, DM, and hypercholesterolemia.58,59 Higher BMI, lower socioeconomic levels, unfavorable lifestyle risk factors, and higher CVD risk factor burden appear to contribute substantially to the racial/ethnic differences in CRF.15 These differences might partially explain the null findings in blacks; however, more research is needed to clarify the mechanisms between CRF and stroke risk and explain the different findings between whites and blacks.
Relationship of Cardiorespiratory Fitness and Adiposity With Left Ventricular Strain in Middle-Age Adults (from the Dallas Heart Study)
2017, American Journal of CardiologyCitation Excerpt :Measures of adiposity included in our study as exposure variables of interest were body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), and DEXA-derived percent body fat. CRF was evaluated in DHS phase 2 by using a submaximal exercise treadmill test as previously described.12 Study participants underwent a cardiac MRI using a 3-T MRI system (Philips Medical Systems, Best, the Netherlands).
Dr. Berry receives funding from the Dedman Family Scholar in Clinical Care endowment at University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas and 14SFRN20740000 from the American Heart Association prevention network, Dallas, Texas.
The corresponding author had full access to all data in the study and had final responsibility for the decision to submit for publication. All authors have read and agreed to the manuscript as written.
See page 502 for disclosure information.