Heart failureRelation Between CD4+ T-Cell Activation and Severity of Chronic Heart Failure Secondary to Ischemic or Idiopathic Dilated Cardiomyopathy
Section snippets
Methods
The study consisted of 47 consecutive patients with IC and IDC (38 men and 9 women, mean age 64 ± 10 years). Diagnosis of heart disease was based on clinical history, physical examination, and results of electrocardiography, chest x-ray, echocardiography, left ventriculography, and coronary angiography. Severity of cardiac disease of patients in New York Heart Association (NYHA) functional class I did not limit physical activity such that ordinary physical activity did not cause undue fatigue,
Results
Clinical characteristics of patients and controls are listed in Table 1. The HF and control groups were matched for age, gender, and frequency of coronary risk factors. Heart rate at rest was higher in the HF group than in the control group. More patients in the IDC group were treated with angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor and diuretics, whereas more patients in the IC group were treated with nitrate/nitrite, calcium channel blockers, and statins.
Representative fluorescence-activated cell
Discussion
In this study, we elucidated more pronounced type 1 T-helper cell activation in patients with HF, and this increased activation was proportional to disease severity in the IC and IDC groups. Plasma BNP levels have also been linked to degree of left ventricular remodeling, damage, or dysfunction,7, 8, 9 and in support of this, our HF group had higher BNP levels in their blood compared with the control group. These increased levels correlated with increasing NYHA functional class of the patient
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This study was supported in part by Grant-in-Aid C17590751 for Scientific Research from the Ministry of Education, Science, and Culture in Japan and a grant from the Japan Arteriosclerosis Prevention Fund, Tokyo, Japan.