Original ArticleExposure to Secondhand Smoke in Children is Associated with a Thinner Retinal Nerve Fiber Layer: The Hong Kong Children Eye Study
Section snippets
Study Population
Primary school children from grades 1-3 (approximately 6-8 years of age) were recruited from the ongoing HKCES, which has been described previously.21, 22, 23 In brief, the HKCES was designed to determine the occurrence and development of childhood eye diseases, including refractive errors, strabismus, amblyopia, and allergic eye diseases, and to identify the environmental and genetic determinants of these ocular disorders. Sample selection was based on a stratified and clustered randomized
Characteristics of the Study Population
A total of 3,416 Chinese children underwent ophthalmic investigations, but 286 children were excluded because of poor-quality OCT images. Twenty-seven children were further excluded because of incomplete ophthalmic examinations, leaving 3,103 children in the final analysis. The demographic data are presented in Supplemental Table 2. There were 133 families with ≥1 child joined the HKCES, and only 1 of them from each family was randomly recruited. Among the study subjects, 1,097 (35.4%) had
Discussion
To the best of our knowledge, this study is the one of the first to report that early exposure to SHS is associated with thinner p-RNFL in children. The findings show that children 6-8 years of age who were exposed to SHS had a thinner p-RNFL after adjusting for age, gender, BMI, AL, birth weight, outdoor activity time, reading distance, family income, and parents' education level. Our study provides further evidence to support the recommendation that the public should avoid smoking around
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