Original articleStiffness of Retinal and Choroidal Tissue: A Surface Wrinkling Analysis of Epiretinal Membranes and Choroidal Folds
Section snippets
Methods
In this retrospective study, 33 eyes of 28 patients between 16 and 81 years old with epiretinal membranes and seven eyes of seven patients between 52 and 88 years old with contraction-induced choroidal folds were included. This small retrospective study was exempt from Institutional Review Board approval as data collection was done before implementation of the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) privacy rules; in subsequent analysis, no patient was identified
Mathematical model of retinal and choroidal folds
The mathematical analysis of the wrinkling behavior of contraction-induced choroidal folds and epiretinal membranes is based upon recent advances on understanding the geometry and physics of wrinkling. Herein, wrinkling refers to the periodic deformation of large, thin, flat sheets of tissue, wherein the thickness of the tissue sheet is much smaller that the length and width (t ≪ L, W; see Figure 1). Cerda and Mahadevan have shown that such sheets wrinkle in a predictable pattern under
Discussion
Epiretinal membranes and contraction-induced choroidal folds are both examples of sheer-induced wrinkling of biologic tissue under tangential stress. In principle, the wrinkling pattern of such thin tissue sheets is governed by physical principles that reflect the properties of the underlying biologic tissue.1 In this study, I demonstrated that the wrinkling of the neural retina observed in patients with epiretinal membranes causes a regular and predictable wrinkling pattern with little
Lucian V. Del Priore, MD, PhD, received his PhD in Physics from Cornell University and MD with Distinction in Research from the University of Rochester. Dr Del Priore completed Ophthalmology residency, a glaucoma fellowship, and vitreoretinal surgery fellowship at the Wilmer Eye Institute, and is currently the Robert L. Burch Scholar and a Professor in the Department of Ophthalmology at Columbia University in New York.
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Lucian V. Del Priore, MD, PhD, received his PhD in Physics from Cornell University and MD with Distinction in Research from the University of Rochester. Dr Del Priore completed Ophthalmology residency, a glaucoma fellowship, and vitreoretinal surgery fellowship at the Wilmer Eye Institute, and is currently the Robert L. Burch Scholar and a Professor in the Department of Ophthalmology at Columbia University in New York.
Supported in part by the Eye Surgery Fund, Robert L. Burch III Fund, the Macula Foundation, the Hickey Foundation, and Research to Prevent Blindness, Inc, New York, New York.