Papel de la cistatina C en la valoración de la función renal y su relación con el riesgo cardiovascularRole of cystatin C in the assessment of renal function and its relationship with cardiovascular risk

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Actualmente no hay consenso sobre la forma ideal de medir la función renal. Durante décadas se ha utilizado la creatinina plasmática como el principal método de medición de la función renal, pero es una medición grosera y con frecuentes resultados erróneos. Para salvar estos obstáculos se han introducido fórmulas para calcular el aclaramiento de creatinina (fórmula de Cockroft-Gault) o el filtrado glomerular (ecuación del estudio Modification of Diet in Renal Disease). Por otra parte, se ha propuesto la cistatina C como un buen marcador de la función renal. Desgraciadamente, y a pesar del entusiasmo despertado, la cistatina C sólo parece mejorar ligeramente el poder predictor de la creatinina.

La necesidad de esta medición ha ganado en importancia tras comprobarse que incluso pacientes con leves reducciones de la función renal presentan una morbilidad y mortalidad cardiovasculares elevadas. En este sentido la cistatina C podría ser un marcador de importancia pronóstica de la aparición de acontecimientos cardiovasculares independientemente de la función renal.

Currently there is no agreement on the ideal way to measure renal function. Plasma creatinine has been used for decades as the principal method of renal function measurement. However, it is a rude measurement with frequent erroneous results. To overcome these obstacles, formulas have been introduced to calculate creatinine clearance (Cockroft-Gault formula) or glomerular filtration rate (equation of the Modification of Diet in Renal Disease Study). On the other hand, cystatin C has been proposed as a good marker of renal function. Unfortunately, and in spite of the enthusiasm provoked, cystatin C only seems to slightly improve the predictive power of creatinine.

The need for this measurement has gained importance after verifying that even patients with mild reductions in renal function have elevated cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. In this sense, cystatin C could be a marker of prognostic importance of the appearance of cardiovascular events independently of the renal function.

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