Quantitative analysis of intracellular metabolic fluxes using GC-MS and two-dimensional NMR spectroscopy
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2018, Metabolic EngineeringCitation Excerpt :With the availability of a curated GSM model and transient metabolite labeling distributions (Shastri and Morgan, 2007), (i) the construction of a genome-scale metabolic mapping (GSMM) model and (ii) scalability of existing algorithms become the bottlenecks for successful flux elucidation at the genome-scale (Gopalakrishnan and Maranas, 2015b). In addition to the carbon paths contained within core models (Abernathy et al., 2017; Alagesan et al., 2013; Feng et al., 2010; Yang et al., 2002a, 2002b, 2002c; You et al., 2014; Young et al., 2011; Zhang and Bryant, 2011), the GSMM model affords expanded pathway coverage to include glyoxylate metabolism, completion of the TCA cycle, and recycling of by-products of peripheral metabolism such as CO2, formate, glycolate and acetate. While the most reliable source of atom mapping data is by directly tracing the reaction mechanism, it is not available for most reactions, thus requiring the use of computational procedures such as MCS (Chen et al., 2013), PMCD (Jochum et al., 1980), EC (Morgan, 1965), MWED (Latendresse et al., 2012), and CLCA (Kumar and Maranas, 2014) to infer plausible mappings.
Isotopically nonstationary <sup>13</sup>C flux analysis of cyanobacterial isobutyraldehyde production
2017, Metabolic EngineeringCitation Excerpt :In cyanobacteria, isotopic steady-state 13C MFA has been previously applied to assess heterotrophic and mixotrophic metabolism of Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 (Schwarz et al., 2013; Yang et al., 2002a, 2002b, 2002c). In addition, we have previously developed novel experimental approaches (Jazmin et al., 2014) and software packages (Young, 2014) that enable flux estimation in photoautotrophic cyanobacteria cultures using isotopically nonstationary 13C MFA (INST-MFA).
Mathematical modeling of production and biorefinery of energy crops
2015, Renewable and Sustainable Energy ReviewsCitation Excerpt :To solve an underdetermined network, either some fluxes have to be experimentally determined or extra constraints have to be added [73,74]. The cells can be grown on 13C-labeled substrate and the labeling patterns of the specific metabolites can be measured using advanced analytical instruments such as gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy [75]. The metabolic pathway of Saccharomyces cerevisiae for ethanol production is well characterized as shown in Fig. 5 [76].
Leveraging metabolomics for functional investigations in sequenced marine diatoms
2012, Trends in Plant ScienceStable isotope-resolved metabolomics and applications for drug development
2012, Pharmacology and TherapeuticsCitation Excerpt :For reasons stated above and throughout this review, both nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR) and mass spectrometry (MS) have been the quintessential analytical tools for stable isotope tracer studies. There are now many different areas of life science research that utilize stable isotope tracers for understanding metabolic pathways and networks ranging from bacteria (Yang et al., 2002; Zamboni et al., 2009), yeasts (Clasquin et al., 2011), to animal models (Peltz et al., 2005; Yang et al., 2008a; Fan et al., 2011a, 2011b; Olszewski et al., 2010) and humans, as indicated above. In this review, we focus on the applications relevant to pharmacological and therapeutic research.