Trends in Plant Science
Research updateThe Arabidopsis RRS1-R disease resistance gene – uncovering the plant's nucleus as the new battlefield of plant defense?
Section snippets
Isolation of Arabidopsis RRS1-R uncovers a new class of R genes
The recent isolation of the Arabidopsis RRS1-R gene, which confers resistance to the bacterial phytopathogen Ralstonia solanacearum, has uncovered a new member of the TIR–NBS–LRR R protein class. RRS1-R has a C-terminal extension with a putative nuclear localization signal (NLS) and a WRKY domain [5].
Genetic studies of RRS1-R showed that it is not only exceptional in its structure but also in its Mendelian inheritance. In contrast to all other TIR–NBS–LRR-encoding R genes, which act in a
Novel R protein domains in RRS1-R and their putative function
What can be deduced from the molecular architecture of RRS1-R? Significantly, NLS and WRKY domains have not been discovered in any other R protein to date. NLSs are short amino acid stretches that are necessary and sufficient for nuclear targeting of a given protein [8]. The WRKY domain is a highly conserved DNA-binding module that interacts with a cognate TGAC nucleotide core sequence (termed W-box). Interestingly, the W-box is prominent in many pathogen-responsive promoters [9]. The presence
Ralstonia sequencing project uncovers potential Avr-RRS1-R candidates
The Avr component triggering RRS1-R-mediated defense has not yet been defined. However, RRS1-R mediates broad-spectrum resistance to multiple Ralstonia solanacearum strains, which suggests that this plant R protein mediates detection of an Avr family that is highly conserved within the genus Ralstonia. Recent completion of the Ralstonia solanacearum genome sequence [12] has uncovered homologs of two well known Avr classes, the AvrBs3 and AvrRxv/YopJ families [13]. The presence of NLS signatures
Acknowledgements
I am grateful to Desmond Bradley, Sebastian Schornack, Daniela Büttner, Jason Rudd and Ulla Bonas for helpful comments on the manuscript. Work in the laboratory was supported by grants of the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (SFB 363 and LA 1338/1–1).
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2019, Plant ScienceCitation Excerpt :To date, the roles of WRKY proteins in response to biotic stresses have been extensively studied [22–25]. Studies on Arabidopsis demonstrate that WRKY TFs, such as AtWRKY18 [26], AtWRKY38, AtWRKY62 [27], AtWRKY41 [28], AtWRKY52 [29–31], and AtWRKY70 [32–34], can regulate the response to pathogens. In addition, CaWRKY6, CaWRKY27, CaWRKY40, and CaWRKY58 from Capsicum annuum affect plant disease resistance to R. solanacearum [13,35–37].
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