Contributions of aircraft emissions to the atmospheric NOx content
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Evaluation of aviation NO<inf>x</inf>-induced radiative forcings for 2005 and2050
2014, Atmospheric EnvironmentCitation Excerpt :It is also noted that it has been recently reaffirmed that aviation NOx emissions result in a small increase in nitrate aerosol formation (Barrett et al., 2012; Lee et al., 2013; Unger, 2013) as was previously discussed by Kärcher (1996) and this effect has not been considered in this study. The production of O3 due to additional NOx emissions depends on the background atmosphere (e.g., Köhler et al., 1997; Jacob, 1999), which is quite inhomogeneous; therefore 3-D chemistry-climate models are necessary to quantify NOx-induced effects. However, even using 3-D models, there are relatively large differences between the calculated aviation NOx induced effects due to differences in model chemistry schemes and the treatment of physical processes, including transport and other factors (IPCC, 1999; Stevenson et al., 2004; Köhler et al., 2008; Holmes et al., 2011; Olsen et al., 2012).
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