Original articleTesting the interaction between parent–child relationship factors and parent smoking to predict youth smoking
Section snippets
Methods
Minority youth and their parent/guardian were surveyed as part of a community-based intervention trial in Seattle, Washington that evaluated health promotion intervention strategies in 12 urban neighborhoods characterized by high rates of violence, teen pregnancy, substance use, and sexually transmitted diseases. Pre-intervention surveys were conducted with minority, inner city 6th, 7th, and 8th graders and their parent/guardians. We present data from pre-intervention surveys of linked
Youth survey
A total of 3104 students were eligible to participate. Of those, 2542 (81.9%) participated. Nonparticipation was owing largely to absenteeism (13.6%), followed by parent/guardian refusals (3.9%) and student refusals (1.0%). Of the 2542 youth who were surveyed, 1484 youth (58%) reported being a race/ethnicity other than white. Among the minority youth, 34% (n = 504) were Asian (Vietnamese, Cambodian, or Pacific Islander), 30% (n = 450) were African-American, 31% (n = 454) indicated more than one
Discussion
Forty-one percent of the youth in our sample reported ever smoking and 9% reported smoking in the past 30 days. These rates are consistent with national rates during a similar time frame; in 1992, 30% of 12–13 year olds reported having ever smoked and 9% reported having smoked in the past 30 days [24]. In addition, our results are consistent with the findings of others that, overall, have found high levels of youth-reported connectedness to be protective against youth smoking behavior 5, 6. Our
Conclusions
Overall, high levels of parent–child connectedness are protective against youth smoking. However, family connectedness may not protect children from becoming smokers when parents smoke.
Acknowledgements
This study was supported by National Heart Lung and Blood Institute grant HL48121-05 and National Cancer Institute grants CA60141-03, CA72099-01, CA80262-01, and CA89009-21.
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