Trends in Biochemical Sciences
Research updateNanotransducers in cellular redox signaling: modification of thiols by reactive oxygen and nitrogen species
Section snippets
Transduction of ROS and RNS signaling by protein thiols
The idea that cysteine can be specifically modified to form S-nitrosothiol species (RSNO) has long been advocated by Jonathan Stamler's group (Duke University, NC, USA) as a signaling pathway of major importance 9., 10.. In the recent paper discussed here, they extend this concept to a range of different modifications of cysteine residues [10]. The claim advanced is that this allows an individual enzyme to have a graded response to diverse effectors (signals) by differential modification of a
Summary
This work offers a new paradigm for redox cell signaling and the potential for cross talk between several molecular mechanisms of redox signaling (as detailed in Box 2). Simple on/off (digital) signals are unable to transduce a single input function into a smoothly graded response. In complex pathways this can be achieved by multi-site modulation and simultaneous activation of many steps, resulting in a graded response whether the substrates are metabolites or signaling molecules. In this case,
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