Influence of the counterion size on the rate of electrochemical relaxation in polypyrrole
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Cited by (39)
Applicability of a PEDOT coated electrode for amperometric quantification of short chain carboxylic acids
2018, Sensors and Actuators, B: ChemicalCitation Excerpt :It should be noted that acetate is highly solvated in water but ClO4 is not, hence solvation changes the effective radius of the ion and therefore its doping capability. The latter is in agreement with the findings of Otero et al. for PPY films [26]. When using thin film electrodes, the differences in the CCCT shapes are small for Li-ClO4, Na-Ace, Na-Pro and Na-But solutions, but they follow the same trend seen when using thick films.
A magenta polypyrrole derivatised with Methyl Red azo dye: synthesis and spectroelectrochemical characterisation
2017, Electrochimica ActaCitation Excerpt :Furthermore, it is possible to observe that the redox pair attributed to the oxidation of PPy was shifted to more cathodic region in the PPy/MR system (Table 1). This role of the dye on the stabilisation of the PPy cations (lowering the oxidation potential) was discussed by Ferreira et al. [5], wherein the charged species of the dye present into the PPy film during the oxidation process acts as counter-ions, stabilising the positively charged polymer chain [42,43]. The comparison between the Epa and Epc values found for PMRPy, PPy/MR and PPy films (Table 1) shows that the nature of the monomer and dopant agent is important in determining the switching potential of the polymer.
Polymeric actuators: Solvents tune reaction-driven cation to reaction-driven anion actuation
2016, Sensors and Actuators, B: ChemicalCitation Excerpt :Before the SCK model different models such as the polaron/bipolaron transitions [49], the reversible σ-dimerization model [50], the conducting/insulator transition model [51–58] and the electrochemically stimulated conformational relaxation (ESCR) model [59–63] have been proposed to explain the electrochemical responses from electroactive organic or carbon based materials. The ESCR model and its derivative the SCK model includes reaction-driven conformational and structural changes [64] and can describe electrochemical responses from different solvents [65] or different electrolytes [66] as well as overoxidation processes [67], or the dual actuating-sensing nature of any reaction-driven biomimetic device [68,69]. In order to improve this emerging chemical model, quantitative descriptions of the intermolecular forces shifting inside the reacting gel during actuation in presence of different solvents are required.
Electrochemically controlled swelling properties of nanoporous templated polypyrrole and layer by layer polypyrrole
2012, Journal of Electroanalytical ChemistryCitation Excerpt :In addition, the solvent has been shown to affect both the ion flux and the conformational relaxations that occur within the polymer film [19,20]. These conformational relaxations are a vital component to the actuation of PPy films and have been thoroughly investigated [12,13,19,21–24]. Improving the ionic conductivity of PPy films should improve their electromechanical actuation properties, since ion movement is vital to the swelling and contraction of the PPy film.
Probing speciation inside a conducting polymer matrix by in situ spectroelectrochemistry
2011, Electrochimica ActaCitation Excerpt :The demand for counter-ions to stabilize the polymer chain is well known. For instance, quartz micro-balance studies have showed that anions from the nearby electrolyte solution must diffuse into the polymer matrix in order to keep the conditions for electroneutrality [44,45]. The CV and UV-vis results show that charged deprotonated species (BPB2− in this case) are acting as counter-ions, and; therefore, the equilibrium in Scheme 1 is no longer valid for the dye inside the film.
Reactive polymer films. Polypyrrole oxidation kinetics in aqueous solution
2010, Synthetic Metals