We find the singular values and corresponding Schmidt pairs of a compact composition operator C_φ induced by φ(z)=az+b, where a+b<1, on the classical Hardy space. We do so by solving a functional equation that is a generalization of Schröder's equation: find a function f, holomorphic on the open unit disc, and a complex number λ such that G(z)f(ψ(z))=λf(ψ(z)), where ψ is a holomorphic self-map of the open unit disc with an interior fixed point and G is a bounded holomorphic function on the open unit disc. In addition, we find the spectrum of the weighted composition operator M_GC_ψ.