Contrasting tectonic and sedimentary history of the central and eastern parts of the Polish Carpathian foredeep basin — results of seismic data interpretation

doi:10.1016/S0264-8172(00)00037-4

Marine and Petroleum Geology

Volume 18, Issue 1, 1 January 2001, Pages 13-38

https://doi.org/10.1016/S0264-8172(00)00037-4 Get rights and content

Abstract

Polish Carpathian foredeep basin (PCFB) is located at the junction between Western and Eastern European Platforms. Such location caused different evolution of various parts of this basin. In the central part of the PCFB growth fault-propagation folds related to latest (Badenian) stages of thrusting in this segment of the Carpathians developed. Only minor normal faulting related to Miocene reactivation of older basement faults was detected. Paleovalleys mapped within the Mesozoic basement were interpreted as Palaeogene tectonically controlled erosional features developed after inversion of the Polish Trough. In the central PCFB post-evaporitic sediments were supplied into the foredeep basin from south, from the eroded Carpathians. In the eastern part of the PCFB, a system of large normal faults related to Miocene flexure-induced reactivation of inherited Mesozoic faults was identified. Within the hangingwall of this system, reverse faults, rotated blocks and basement pop-up structures were described. Their formation was related to combined effect of compressional stresses transferred from the Carpathian collision zone and reactivation of older large-scale fault caused by both flexural extension and strike-slip movements. During deposition of the Miocene foredeep sediments differential compaction also played an important role. Gentle onlap of the Middle Badenian evaporites by post-evaporitic sediments towards the NW was interpreted as a result of tectonically driven relative sea-level rise and re-establishment of marine connections with eastern Paratethys.

Introduction

Foredeep basins belong to the broad group of sedimentary basins that develop due to flexure of the lithospheric plates (e.g. Allen & Allen, 1990). Main features of the geological history of the foredeep basins include displacement of the zone of maximum subsidence towards the foreland of the migrating thrust belt, uplift, migration and erosion of the flexural forebulge and consecutive foreland-directed onlapping of the foreland plate by foredeep sediments. Typical tectonic deformations encountered in the foredeep basins are related to both compressional and tensional regimes (Bradley and Kidd, 1991, Davis et al., 1983).

Due to foreland-directed propagation of the thrust belt, older foredeep sediments become progressively involved in thrust-related folding and usually form strips of thrust and folded sediments in front of the main orogenic wedge (Gorin et al., 1993, Ricci Lucchi, 1986, Zoetemeijer et al., 1992). Synorogenic sediments such as conglomerates or fan-deltas that develop in front of the active thrust-related growing folds provide information on onset and particular stages of deformation within the orogenic belt (Blair and Bilodeau, 1988, Burbank et al., 1988, DeCelles et al., 1991, DeCellas et al., 1987, Medwedeff, 1989, Medwedeff, 1992, Pivnik, 1990, Suppe et al., 1992, Deville et al., 1994, Williams et al., 1998). Local and regional unconformities that develop within the foredeep sedimentary infill are often related to the tectonic movements within the thrust belt, related various subsidence rates and forebulge migration (Crampton and Allen, 1995, Sinclair et al., 1991, Flemings and Jordan, 1990, Deramond et al., 1993, Peper, 1993).

Tensional, generally thrust belt-parallel faults developed within the foreland plate and related to its flexural extension form another group of typical upper crustal brittle deformations often encountered in the foredeep basins (Hancock and Bevan, 1987, Bradley and Kidd, 1991, Harding and Tuminas, 1989). Slip component of these sets of faults is usually relatively small.

Evolution of foredeep basins is often controlled by reactivated foreland plate structures. Such situation was, for example, documented for Tertiary evolution of the Swiss Molasse basin and control exerted by reactivated foreland plate structures related to the inherited tectonic grain (Mesozoic rifting-related faults) (Lihou & Allen, 1996).

Section snippets

Carpathian foredeep basin, its development and regional setting

Outer Carpathian orogenic belt consists of several imbricated thrust sheets (nappes) built-up of Cretaceous to Lower Miocene flysch deposits and imbricated Miocene foredeep deposits. It is bound to the north and east by undeformed youngest Middle Miocene flexure-related foredeep sediments extending as far to the north as the Holy Cross Mountains (Fig. 1). Neogene development of the Carpathians was related to convergence of the European and African plates (Birkenmajer, 1976, Sandulescu, 1988).

Central (Bochnia–Tarnów) part of the PCFB

The central part of the PCFB is located between Kraków–Bochnia and Tarnów, and is bound to the south by the Carpathian flysch nappes (Fig. 3) In front of the Carpathian flysch nappes a relatively narrow belt of deformed foredeep sediments called Zgłobice unit exists (Kotlarczyk, 1985; Fig. 3), and farther to the north foredeep sediments do not show any major compressional deformations. Present-day northern border of the PCFB is outlined by outcrops of the Mesozoic (mainly Cretaceous) series

Eastern (Przemyśl–Lubaczów) part of the PCFB

The eastern part of the PCFB is located between the Carpathian front (to the south) and the outcrops of the Cretaceous rocks (to the north), and is superimposed on the axial part of inverted Polish Trough, i.e. Malopolska Massif. (Fig. 1, Fig. 3, Fig. 4; Karnkowski, 1974). Inversion of the Polish Trough has resulted in the complete removal of most of the Mesozoic strata. Pre-Miocene basement of this part of the PCFB is built of Palaeozoic and locally Jurassic rocks unconformably overlain by

Conclusions

The central and eastern parts of the PCFB can be characterised by very different large-scale tectonic and depositional styles.

In the central part growth fault-propagation folds developed and influenced deposition of the Badenian foredeep sediments. The observed morphology of the Mesozoic basement developed due to tectonically controlled erosion that followed inversion and uplift of the SE part of the Polish Trough. Only slight reactivation of basement normal faults in Miocene times occurred.

Acknowledgements

This study was completed within the framework of EUROPROBE-PANCARDI project and was supported by two research grants: NFOSiGW grant No 2.14.0100.00.0 (to Prof. T. Peryt, Warszawa) and KBN grant No 9 S602 010 06 (to P.K.). The author would like to express his sincere thanks to the Polish Oil and Gas Company, which kindly provided all the geophysical data. Interpretation of seismic data from the central PCFB has been completed as a part of the author's PhD project at the University of Mining and

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Contrasting tectonic and sedimentary history of the central and eastern parts of the Polish Carpathian foredeep basin — results of seismic data interpretation

Abstract

Introduction

Section snippets

Carpathian foredeep basin, its development and regional setting

Central (Bochnia–Tarnów) part of the PCFB

Eastern (Przemyśl–Lubaczów) part of the PCFB

Conclusions

Acknowledgements

Tectonophysics

Tectonophysics

Journal of Structural Geology

Comptes Rendus de l'Academie des Sciences, Paris

Tectonophysics

Tectonophysics

Tectonophysics

Tectonophysics

Development of the Carpathian Foredeep in the light of stratigraphic studies of Miocene sediments in southern Poland

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Podstawowe jednostki litostratygraficzne miocenu zapadliska przedkarpackiego

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Osady krasowe oligocenu i wczesnego miocenu oraz ich znaczenie dla poznania rozwóju tektoniki i rzeźby okolic Krakówa

Annales Societatis Geologorum Poloniae

Stratigraphic modelling of foreland basins: Interpreting thrust deformation and lithosphere rheology

Geology

Studya nad formacją mioceńską Polski

Kosmos

O stratygrafii jednostki stebnickiej w Polsce

Przegląd Geologiczny

Nannoplankton stratigraphy of the Miocene deposits in Tarnobrzeg area (northeastern part of the Carpathian Foredeep)

Geological Quarterly

Middle Miocene dinoflagellate cysts from the Korytnica clays (Góry Swiętokrzyskie Mountains Poland)

Annales Societatis Geologorum Poloniae

Geology of Przemyśl region in the light of deep drillings

Kwartalnik Geologiczny

Pre-Cambrian and Cambrian in the Basement of the Carpathian Foreland and the Holy Cross Mts

Annales de la Societe Geologique de Pologne

problemy poszukiwań w $e ̨$ glowodorów we wschódniej cz $e ̨$ ści przedgórza Karpat

Przegl $a ̨$ d Geologiczny

Przegl $a ̨$ d Geologiczny

Tektonika południowej cz $e ̨$ ści Wyżyny Krakówskiej

Studya nad formacj $a ̨$ mioceńsk $a ̨$ Polski

Przegl $a ̨$ d Geologiczny

Middle Miocene dinoflagellate cysts from the Korytnica clays (Góry Swi $e ̨$ tokrzyskie Mountains Poland)