Expression of matrix metalloproteinases and their inhibitors during human placental development

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Summary

MMPs (Matrix Metalloproteinases) are thought to play important roles in invasion processes (normal or pathological) by degrading basement membranes and extracellular matrix components which constitute a barrier for the migrating cells. Human trophoblast implantation is a physiological invasive process which is both spatially and temporally regulated. We have studied by immunohistochemistry, in situ hybridization and Northern blotting the expression of several MMPs (gelatinases A/B, MT1-MMP and stromelysin-3) and their specific inhibitors (TIMP-1, TIMP-2, TIMP-3) in first and third trimester human placenta in order to specify their role in vivo in this type of invasion. All the MMPs studied were highly expressed especially in first trimester invasive trophoblast cells. In contrast, TIMPs were strongly expressed in decidual cells especially during the third trimester of pregnancy. These data suggest that trophoblast implantation depends on a spatio-temporal balance between MMPs expressed by fetal cells and TIMPs expressed by maternal cells. As in other invasion processes, MMP expression is associated with an invasive phenotype.

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