3 Sea Urchin Microtubules

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From the first demonstration that the mitotic apparatus could be isolated as a discrete entity, to the identification of the colchicine-binding protein, tubulin, to the purification of an mRNA-polyribosome-microtubule complex, sea urchin eggs and embryos have been a model system for the study of microtubule formation and function during the cell cycle. Sea urchins can be induced to spawn in the laboratory, yielding a great volume of eggs that contain a large amount of unassembled tubulin subunits and few detectable microtubules. These eggs can be fertilized in vitro and within a short period of time, the microtubules of the mitotic apparatus assemble and disassemble with remarkable synchrony throughout the early cleavage divisions. Thus, sea urchin eggs are viewed as an inducible model system for studying microtubule assembly and disassembly during the embryonic cleavage cycles. This chapter focuses on the molecular components that may regulate microtubule formation and function during the embryonic cell cycles and cytoplasmic microtubule arrays are also considered.

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