Optimization of a photo-fenton prototype reactor

doi:10.1016/S0045-6535(98)00460-3

Chemosphere

Volume 38, Issue 11, May 1999, Pages 2517-2532

https://doi.org/10.1016/S0045-6535(98)00460-3 Get rights and content

Abstract

A prototype reactor for the Photo-Fenton method was applied for highly contaminated wastewaters up to a TOC of 1400 ppm and COD of 12000 mg/L. The influences of different light sources, iron concentrations and two glass sorts on the degradation rate of 4-Chlorophenol have been studied. The degradation rate increased with amount of Fe-catalyst. The use of quartz glass increased degradation rate by 50% with Hg-medium-pressure light sources.

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Oil removal from produced water by conjugation of flotation and photo-Fenton processes
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The present work investigates the conjugation of flotation and photo-Fenton techniques on oil removal performance from oilfield produced water. The experiments were conducted in a column flotation and annular lamp reactor for induced air flotation and photodegradation steps, respectively. A nonionic surfactant was used as a flotation agent. The flotation experimental data were analyzed in terms of a first-order kinetic rate model. Two experimental designs were employed to evaluate the oil removal efficiency: fractional experimental design and central composite rotational design (CCRD). Overall oil removal of 99% was reached in the optimum experimental condition after 10 min of flotation followed by 45 min of photo-Fenton. The results of the conjugation of induced air flotation and photo-Fenton processes allowed meeting the wastewater limits established by the legislations for disposal.
Photo-Fenton oxidation of phenol and organochlorides (2,4-DCP and 2,4-D) in aqueous alkaline medium with high chloride concentration
2012, Journal of Environmental Management
Citation Excerpt :
Reducing the number of steps involved in a process is very important for manufacturers, particularly when this procedure maintains product quality while reducing production costs. From this standpoint, Advanced Oxidation Processes (AOP) (Andreozzi et al., 1999; Brillas et al., 2000; Krutzler et al., 1999; Krutzler and Bauer, 1999; Luck et al., 1997; Machulek et al., 2009a; Ormad et al., 2001; Pontes et al., 2010; Rodríguez et al., 2002) can be an economical route to treat several types of industrial wastewaters, particularly those that cannot be treated biologically. Among the AOPs proposed to date, the Fenton reaction and the light-accelerated Fenton reaction, commonly known as the photo-Fenton reaction, appear to be the most promising ones for practical industrial applications (Pignatello et al., 2006, 2007).
A highly concentrated aqueous saline-containing solution of phenol, 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and 2,4-dichlorophenol (2,4-DCP) was treated by the photo-Fenton process in a system composed of an annular reactor with a quartz immersion well and a medium-pressure mercury lamp (450 W). The study was conducted under special conditions to minimize the costs of acidification and neutralization, which are usual steps in this type of process. Photochemical reactions were carried out to investigate the influence of some process variables such as the initial concentration of Fe²⁺ ([Fe²⁺]₀) from 1.0 up to 2.5 mM, the rate in mmol of H₂O₂ fed into the system ( $F_{H_{2} O_{2}, in}$ ) from 3.67 up to 7.33 mmol of H₂O₂/min during 120 min of reaction time, and the initial pH (pH₀) from 3.0 up to 9.0 in the presence and absence of NaCl (60.0 g/L). Although the optimum pH for the photo-Fenton process is about 3.0, this particular system performed well in experimental conditions starting at alkaline and neutral pH. The results obtained here are promising for industrial applications, particularly in view of the high concentration of chloride, a known hydroxyl radical scavenger and the main oxidant present in photo-Fenton processes.
Transformation of 2,4-dichlorophenol by H <inf>2</inf>O <inf>2</inf>/UV-C, Fenton and photo-Fenton processes: Oxidation products and toxicity evolution
2012, Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology A: Chemistry
Citation Excerpt :
In light of this, CPs acting as model pollutants found in different kinds of industrial effluents, seem to be very good candidates to examine the correlation between the type of oxidation products and their toxicity evolution. Among the AOPs, H2O2/UV, Fenton (Fe2+/H2O2), and photo-Fenton (Fe2+/H2O2/UV) processes have been extensively studied in the scientific literature for the degradation of CPs due to the efficient elimination of these substances during the application of these processes [12–15]. However, these treatability studies rather focused on process efficiency evaluated by means of monitoring the changes in parent pollutant concentration, as well as collective environmental parameters such as chemical oxygen demand (COD) and total organic carbon (TOC).
In the present study, H₂O₂/UV-C, Fenton and photo-Fenton treatment of 2,4-dichlorophenol was compared in terms of oxidation products and acute toxicity. The oxidation products were identified by gas chromatography–mass spectroscopy, high performance liquid chromatography and ion chromatography, whereas changes in acute toxicity were evaluated by the Vibrio fischeri luminescence inhibition assay. H₂O₂/UV-C and photo-Fenton processes ensured complete 2,4-dichlorophenolremoval, detoxification and significant mineralization. Hydroquinone and formic acid were identified as the common oxidation products of the studied advanced oxidation processes investigated. 3,5-dichloro-2-hydroxybenzaldehyde, phenol, 4-chlorophenol and 2,5-dichlorohydroquinone were identified as the additional H₂O₂/UV-C oxidation products of 2,4-dichlorophenol. Acute toxicity decreased with decreasing 2,4-dichlorophenol and increasing chloride release.
Characterization of the degradation performance of the sulfamethazine antibiotic by photo-Fenton process
2010, Water Research
Citation Excerpt :
Among AOPs, treatment with Fenton reagents and a light source results in a low-cost process for wastewater treatment (Pérez et al., 2002a). Since the photo-Fenton reaction requires a wavelength close to 400 nm, and mixtures of Fe(III) and H2O2 have shown absorption up to 580 nm (Sun and Pignatello, 1993; Pignatello et al., 1999; Krutzler and Bauer, 1999), the photo-Fenton process can also run under solar irradiation (Safarzadeh-Amiri et al., 1996; Pérez et al., 2002b; Bandala et al., 2008). Driven under solar light, the treatment using Cobalt/peroxynonosulphate has also been investigated and shown to have enhanced degradation rate (Bandala et al., 2007).
The present study provides results describing the degradation performance of the Sulfamethazine (SMT) antibiotic via photo-Fenton treatment. Experiments were carried out using 1 L solution samples of SMT (50 mg L⁻¹) under different conditions. HPLC results reveal that both Fenton and photo-Fenton reactions were able to completely remove SMT antibiotic from the studied samples in less than 2 min treatment. Half-life times and kinetic parameters (assuming a pseudo-first-order kinetics at reaction initial stage, far from the equilibrium) for SMT degradation were determined and discussed. Hence, appropriate Fenton reagent loads are given to attain different targets proposed. TOC and HPLC data also revealed the presence of reaction intermediates; thus toxicity assays were performed regarding bacterial growth rate. The toxicity of an SMT solution was shown to increase during its degradation by means of photo-Fenton reactions.
Development and evaluation of an alternative method for municipal wastewater treatment using homogeneous photocatalysis and constructed wetlands
2007, Catalysis Today
Wastewater collection and treatment is an important parameter of sustainable development. In Mediterranean region especially, the design and operation of competitive wastewater treatment systems for small communities and touristic facilities is a challenge to wastewater engineers. Within this context an alternative method of wastewater treatment has been developed that is based on solar photocatalytic oxidation and natural processes. The system combines the synergetic action of the homogeneous photocatalytic oxidation with the surface flow constructed wetlands in order to utilize the high solar irradiation and the ability of the constructed wetlands to improve water quality through natural processes. Aim of this work is to present the design, development, and experimental evaluation of the combined system. Experiments were conducted at laboratory scale using artificial as well as solar irradiation, for the treatment of both synthetic and cesspool wastewater. The data evaluation revealed that the combined system may effectively reduce the organic load and nutrients of wastewater, even in cases of great inflow variability, in terms of hydraulic and organic load, and thus may be proven a promising, competitive and environmental friendly solution for wastewater treatment in the near future.
Degradation and sludge production of textile dyes by Fenton and photo-Fenton processes
2007, Dyes and Pigments
Citation Excerpt :
Photo-Fenton, which is also a newly emerged AOP, has been applied to the treatment of dye stuffs [15–20]. This photocatalytic degradation of dyes involves several pathways including reduction which makes it more important among AOPs [21–23]. FBL direct dye, FBB vat dye and S-RL acidic dye obtained from Everlight Group, Taiwan were heated in the oven at 105 °C for 24 h and used without further purification.
The degradation and decolorization of direct dye (Everdirect supra turquoise blue FBL), acidic dye (Isolan orange S-RL) and vat dye (Indanthrene red FBB) have been investigated by Fenton and UV/Fenton processes. The effects of solution pH, Fe²⁺ dosages and H₂O₂ dosages have been studied by jar-test experiments. A comparative study for Fenton and UV/Fenton reactions by photoreactor has also been carried out by scale-up the optimum conditions, obtained through jar-test experiments. Fenton process is highly efficient for color removal for three dyes tested and for TOC removal of FBB and FBL. UV/Fenton showed slighter increase in treatment efficiency than that of Fenton process for both FBB and FBL dye solutions. S-RL improved much more TOC removal% by UV-irradiation. Sludge productions were compared for FeCl₃-, FeSO₄-coagulation and Fenton reaction in order to prove the dual role of FeSO₄ in Fenton process.

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Optimization of a photo-fenton prototype reactor

Abstract

Chemosphere

Chemosphere

Chemosphere

Chemosphere

Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells

Chemosphere

Photochemical processes for water treatment

Chem. Rev.

Vergleich and Kombination photooxidativer Abwasserreinigungsverfahren

Tecnología de fotocatálisis solar

Novel Method for a Photocatalytic Degradation of 4-Nitrophenol in Homogeneous Aqueous Solution

Environmental Technology