Nutritional values of chironomid larvae grown in palm oil mill effluent and algal culture

doi:10.1016/S0044-8486(97)00176-2

Aquaculture

Volume 158, Issues 1–2, 1 December 1997, Pages 95-105

https://doi.org/10.1016/S0044-8486(97)00176-2 Get rights and content

Abstract

Chironomid larvae were grown in nine 70-l tanks containing palm oil mill effluent (POME) and algal culture. The algal culture was obtained by inoculating 200 ml pure culture of Chlorella vulgaris Beijerinck initially in 20-l tap water containing inorganic fertilizer N:P:K (1:0.2:0.2). Each treatment was done in triplicate. Dissolved oxygen, pH, total nitrogen, total ammonia nitrogen, ortho-phosphate, chemical oxygen demand (COD), total suspended solids and total dissolved solids of the media in each tank were analyzed. Protein, lipid, ash, amino acids, fatty acids, total carotene and minerals were determined for POME, chironomid larvae, and algae. The culture was terminated after 25 days and chironomid production was determined. The production of chironomid larvae was significantly (P < 0.01) higher in POME tanks (580 g/20 l POME) than in algal culture (35 g/20 l algal culture). Raw palm oil mill effluents contained significantly higher (P < 0.05) arginine, methionine, isoleucine and phenylalanine than algae grown in fertilizer. The essential amino acids of chironomid larvae grown in POME such as histidine, arginine, methionine, isoleucine, phenylalanine and lysine were significantly (P < 0.05) higher than in chironomid larvae grown on algal culture. The polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) with the exception of ϒ-linolenic acid (18:3n − 6), were higher in chironomid larvae grown in POME than those grown on algal culture. Twenty seven minerals were detected by electron microscope but 23 minerals were analyzed and quantified in POME, algae, and chironomid larvae grown in POME and algal culture. The quantity of sulfur was significantly higher (P < 0.05) in POME than algae, which probably induced the synthesis of methionine, a S-containing essential amino acid in chironomid larvae cultured in POME. Experiments showed that POME did not only induce high production of chironomid larvae, but also produced high quality live food for the aquaculture industry.

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The current state of palm oil mill wastewater treatment focuses solely on open ponding or closed lagoon systems for biogas production. However, efforts to convert this wastewater into biohydrogen are limited. Therefore, this research investigates the feasibility of converting palm oil mill effluent (POME) for biohydrogen production via dark fermentation. Temperature and hydraulic retention time (HRT) effects on biohydrogen production and COD removal efficiency in an up-flow anaerobic sludge fixed-film (UASFF) bioreactor were investigated. The experiment was carried out and analysed using a central composite design (CCD) and the Response Surface Methodology (RSM). The hydrogen (H $_{2}$ ) yield, H $_{2}$ production rate (HPR), and COD removal efficiency were investigated as responses. HPR increased significantly by 28.8 folds as temperature increased from 37 °C to 53.5 °C (transition from mesophilic to thermophilic) at HRT of 3 h. Meanwhile, the COD removal efficiency significantly increased from 24.76% to 33.33% between 4 to 9 h of HRT. Maximum H $_{2}$ yield of 0.95 L H $_{2}$ g⁻¹ COD $_{removed}$ , HPR of 10.39 L H $_{2}$ d⁻¹, and 35.9% COD removal were reported at the optimum HRT and temperature of 7 h and 57 °C, respectively. This study indicates that under the thermophilic condition and short HRT, POME could be treated while producing biohydrogen using the UASFF bioreactor.
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¹: Professor Dr. Ang Kok Jee expired on 22nd March, 1997 due to heart attack.

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Aquaculture

Abstract

References (39)

Apparent digestibility of invertebrate biomass by rainbow trout

Aquaculture

A simple method for the isolation and purification of total lipids from animal tissues

J. Biol. Chem.

Quality of algal material production on a fertilizer-tap water medium in outdoor plastic-enclosed systems

Aquaculture

A new method for culturing Chironomus tentans Fabricious

Aquaculture

Algal biomass production in digested palm oil mill effluent

Biol. Wastes

Chironomid farming—a means of recycling farm manure and potentially reducing water pollution in Hong Kong

Aquaculture

Effect of palm oil effluent on river algae

Chironomidae as food

Amino acid and fatty acid profiles in aquaculture nutrition studies

Larval food and feeding behaviour

Environmental effects on growth and biochemical composition of Ankistrodesmus convolutus

The Insects: An Outline of Entomology

Culture of chironomid larvae (Chironomus tentans) in aquarium by egg yolk of duck

Bangladesh J. Fish

Culture of chironomid larvae in artificial medium

Bangladesh J. Fish.

Lipids and fatty acids

Chemical composition of palm oil mills effluents

Planter (Malaysia)

Effect of lead on respiratory enzyme activity, glycogen and blood sugar levels of the teleost Oreochromis mossambicus (Peters) during accumulation and depuration

Asian Fish. Sci.

Cited by (104)

Factors affecting biohydrogen production: Overview and perspectives

Effect of temperature and hydraulic retention time on hydrogen production from palm oil mill effluent (POME) in an integrated up-flow anaerobic sludge fixed-film (UASFF) bioreactor

Optimization of palm oil mill effluent final discharge as biostimulant for biodegradation of tapis light crude petroleum oil in seawater

Palm trees and fruits residues use for livestock feeding

Identification, Quantification and Characterization of palm-tree and fruit wastes

The processing and treatment of other types of oil palm biomass