Oscillometric twenty-four-hour ambulatory blood pressure values in healthy children and adolescents: A multicenter trial including 1141 subjects☆,☆☆,★,★★
Section snippets
Subject population
Twelve hundred fifty-four white children and adolescents (639 girls and 615 boys) participated in the study. Variables such as age, gender, and height were recorded. Medical histories and medication use were obtained with a questionnaire. Children were included only if they were healthy, with no history of diseases known to affect blood pressure, and if they were not taking any medication. Thirteen subjects (all girls) were excluded for incomplete readings, 23 (15 girls, 8 boys) for belonging
Mean values
The systolic means showed a slight but significant increase with body height for any period (more pronounced in boys than in girls). All diastolic means were independent of height or gender. The 24-hour means stayed at 4 to 8 mm Hg less than daytime means for systolic ABP and at 6 to 9 mm Hg less than daytime means for diastolic ABP. The smallest children showed the largest difference between ABP daytime means and 24-hour means.
The interindividual variation of ABP was low, resulting in
DISCUSSION
ABP monitoring has become a useful element in the evaluation and follow-up of hypertension in adults. Despite excellent concordance for single measurements, the ABP mean values for healthy children have been shown to differ significantly from their CBP values. 12, 19 Pediatric reference values for ABP thus are mandatory for adequate interpretation. Reference values describe a population sample expected to be representative with respect to the parameter evaluated. The subjects in this study,
Acknowledgements
We are indebted to Prof. Karl Schärer for the initiation of the study and stimulating discussions.
References (36)
- et al.
Blood pressure nomograms for children and adolescents, by height, sex, and age, in the United States
J Pediatr
(1993) - et al.
Efficacy of 24-hour ambulatory blood pressure monitoring in children
J Pediatr
(1991) The quantitative relationship between treated blood pressure and progression of diabetic renal disease
Am J Kidney Dis
(1993)- et al.
Deterioration of GFR in IgA nephropathy as measured by 51 Cr-EDTA clearance
Kidney Int
(1991) - et al.
Limitations of an oscillometric ambulatory blood pressure monitor in physically active children
J Pediatr
(1993) - et al.
Experiences with ambulatory blood pressure monitoring in childhood and adolescence
Klin Pädiatr
(1990) - et al.
Apport de la mesure de la pression artérielle ambulatoire dans l'hypertension artérielle limite de l'enfant
Ann Pediatr (Paris)
(1991) - et al.
Ambulante Blutdruckmessung bei nierentransplantierten Kindern und Jugendlichen
Z Kardiol
(1992) - et al.
Ambulatory blood pressure monitoring in pediatric patients treated by regular hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis
Pediatr Nephrol
(1995) - et al.
The prognostic value of ambulatory blood pressures
JAMA
(1983)
Round Table: What blood pressure to measure?
J Hypertens
Average daily blood pressure, not office blood pressure, determines cardiac function in patients with hypertension
JAMA
Alerting reaction and rise in blood pressure during measurement by physician and nurse
Hypertension
Report of the Second Task Force on Blood Pressure Control in Children—1987
Pediatrics
Blood pressure in childhood: pooled findings of six European studies
J Hypertens
24-H blood pressure monitoring in children and adolescents
Monatsschr Kinderheilkd
Twenty-four-hour blood pressure monitoring in healthy children
Eur J Pediatr
Ambulatory 24-h blood pressure monitoring in healthy children and adolescents
Monatsschr Kinderheilkd
Cited by (586)
High Blood Pressure in Children and Adolescents: Current Perspectives and Strategies to Improve Future Kidney and Cardiovascular Health
2022, Kidney International ReportsMultiple beneficial effects of 1-year nutritional–behavioral intervention on anthropometric and metabolic parameters in overweight and obese boys
2023, Journal of Endocrinological InvestigationThe prevalence of hypertension in paediatric Turner syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis
2023, Journal of Human HypertensionEpicardial Adipose Tissue: A Piece of The Puzzle in Pediatric Hypertension
2023, Journal of Clinical Medicine
- ☆
From the University Children's Hospital, Marburg, Germany; University Children's Hospital, Lübeck, Germany; Institute of Medical Statistics, Hamburg, Germany; University Children's Hospital of the Virchow-Klinikum, Berlin, Germany; University Children's Hospital of the Charité, Berlin, Germany; University Children's Hospital, Ulm, Germany; Children's Hospital of the Medizinische Hochschule, Hannover, Germany; Pediatric Cardiology of the University of Saarland, Homburg/Saar, Germany; the First Department of Pediatrics, Semmelweis University Medical School, Budapest, Hungary; and University Children's Hospital, Giessen, Germany
- ☆☆
Supported by the German Institute of High Blood Pressure Research, Heidelberg, Germany (Dr. Busch), and by the Hungarian Medical Scientific Council (grant ETT: T-06 380/93) (Dr. Reusz).
- ★
Reprint requests: Marianne Soergel, MD University Children's Hospital, Deutschhausstrasse 12, D—35033 Marburg, Germany.
- ★★
0022-3476/97/$5.00 + 0 9/21/77125