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Journal of Computer and System Sciences
Volume 67, Issue 1, August 2003, Pages 63-91
 
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doi:10.1016/S0022-0000(03)00040-0    How to Cite or Link Using DOI (Opens New Window)
Copyright © 2003 Elsevier Science (USA). All rights reserved.

Constant time parallel sorting: an empirical view

William GasarchCorresponding Author Contact Information, E-mail The Corresponding Author, a, b, 1, Evan GolubE-mail The Corresponding Author, a and Clyde KruskalE-mail The Corresponding Author, a, 1

a Department of Computer Science, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA b Institute for Adv. Comp. Stud., University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA

Received 21 November 2001; 
revised 15 November 2002. 
Available online 28 May 2003.

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Abstract

Consider the following problem: If you want to sort n numbers in k (a constant) rounds then how many comparisons-per-round do you need? This problem has been studied carefully and there exist several algorithms and some lower bounds for it. Many of the algorithms are non-constructive. We have embarked on an empirical study of most of the algorithms in the literature, including the non-constructive ones. This paper is an exposition of what we have found. One of our conclusions is that non-constructive algorithms can be useful.

Article Outline

1. Introduction
2. Definitions and notation
3. Empirical methodology
4. Nonconstructive methods
4.1. The first nonconstructive algorithm
4.2. Expander graphs
4.3. Super expander graphs
5. Constructive methods
5.1. Merging and sort
5.2. Attempts at the k=2 case
5.3. The first constructive subquadratic algorithm for k=2
5.4. Two simple constructive algorithms
5.5. A constructive algorithm via pseudo-random generators
6. A randomized algorithm
7. A nonconstructive algorithm for sort(2,n,d)
8. A constructive algorithm for sort(2,n,2)
8.1. Using merging for sort(k,n,2) with k odd
9. Lower bounds
10. Open problems
11. Summary of results
11.1. Nonconstructive methods for sorting
11.2. Constructive methods for sorting
11.3. Limited closure sorting
11.4. Lower bounds
11.5. Comparisons between different algorithms
Acknowledgements
References



















 
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