Determination of furazolidone in animal feeds using liquid chromatography with UV and thermospray mass spectrometric detection
Abstract
A method is presented for the detection of the nitrofuran antibacterial, furazolidone in animal feeds. Following solvent extraction of feed samples, the extracts were purified on an alumina column. The column eluents were separated by HPLC using a reversed phase column and detected either by UV monitoring at 365 nm, or by thermospray mass spectrometry, monitoring the ion at m/z 243. The LC-UV procedure was used to quantify furazolidone at medicated levels (200 mg/kg) and at contamination levels of 5 and 20 mg/kg. The limit of detection was 1 mg/kg. Overall mean recoveries from fortified samples were, 93.4, 98.2 and 98.0% at concentrations of 5, 20 and 200 mg/kg, respectively. The mass spectrometric procedure was used to analyse sample extracts at concentrations <5mg/kg. The overall recovery from feed samples fortified at 1 mg/kg was 93.8%. The assay is therefore capable of the determination of furazolidone in animal feeds at both high medicated concentrations and at low contamination levels.
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Sensitive detection of furazolidone and nitrofurantoin by fluorescent nanoprobe coated with 3-mercaptopropionic acid on CdS quantum dots
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The presence of semicarbazide in crustaceans collected from natural habitats in Thailand
2024, ChemosphereSemicarbazide (SEM) has been used as a marker residue of the banned veterinary drug nitrofurazone (NFZ). Although evidence indicates that SEM can be found in some natural crustaceans that have never been exposed to NFZ, such information is limited to a few species. The present study aimed to investigate the natural occurrence of SEM in wild crustaceans in Thailand. A total of 14 species, all economically important food animals, were captured from different regions of Thailand. Tissue-bound SEM and its parent drug NFZ were determined by the UPLC-MS/MS and LC-MS methods, respectively. The results showed that while NFZ was not detected in any samples, the tissue-bound SEM could be found in every natural crustacean species investigated. However, the prevalence and concentration varied greatly. The occurrence of SEM in the freshwater palaemonid Macrobrachium prawns is generally much higher than in the marine penaeid shrimps/prawns. SEM was found in 33% and 80% of the giant river prawn (Macrobrachium rosenbergii) muscles (<0.10–0.46 ng/g) and shells (3.68–13.22 ng/g), respectively. In contrast, SEM was not detected in the muscles of penaeid shrimps/prawns (with few exceptions), but it was occasionally found in the shells at low levels (usually <1 ng/g). The shells of saltwater crabs also contained higher levels of SEM than the muscles. For instance, the highest SEM levels detected in the mud crab (Scylla sp.) muscles and shells were 0.40 and 22.75 ng/g, respectively. However, the situation was reversed for the rice-field crab (Sayamia sp. and Esanthelphusa sp.), in which SEM was not detected in all shells but detected in the muscles (up to 1.46 ng/g). The fact that SEM is often found in wild crustaceans implies a natural origin of this substance. Consequently, using SEM as a marker residue of NFZ is controversial and should be reconsidered.
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Boosting catalytic performance as a vital role for an electrochemical sensor for monitoring various hazardous nitro drugs. Herein, an inexpensive, facile, and eco-friendly construction of praseodymium tungstate decorated on three dimensional porous biocarbon (PrW/3D-PBC) for electrochemical determination of carcinogenic residue furazolidone (FZ). The nanostructured PrW nanoparticles were prepared by solvent evaporation from peroxo-tungstic acid and 3D-PBC was prepared from biomass precursor under the carbonization method. Furthermore, the composite of PrW decorated on 3D-PBC was prepared by an ultrasonic-assisted wet chemical approach. Besides, the composite characterization of crystalline, functional group, degree of carbonization, chemical states, and morphology were utilized by theXRD, FTIR, RAMAN, XPS, and FESEM analysis. These 3D porous carbon decorated PrW nanoparticles facilitate the electrochemical anchoring sites, surface area, and ease of diffusion layers towards the detection of hazardous nitro pollutant FZ by using CV analysis. The low LOD and high sensitivity were achieved by FZ determination through using LSV and DPV techniques. The practical capability of the PrW/3D-PBC/GCE sensor was determined by using aquatic samples to achieve a good recovery result. These results instigate that the PrW/3D-PBC will be an efficient electrocatalytic material for FZ sensor in environmental aquatic samples.
Highly fluorescent carbon dots from coix seed for the determination of furazolidone and temperature
2021, Spectrochimica Acta - Part A: Molecular and Biomolecular SpectroscopyIn this work, blue emission fluorescent carbon dots (CDs) were fabricated by using the hydrothermal strategy from coix seed for the first time. We found that the prepared CDs possessed many excellent characteristics including excitation-dependent properties, good solubility and strong photostability. The optimal excitation and emission wavelength of CDs were 363 and 435 nm, respectively. Unbelievably, the fluorescence of CDs was selectively and effectively quenched with the addition of furazolidone (Fu). The quenching mechanisms might be assumed to the static quenching and inner filter effect (IFE). Based on this principle, a novel fluorescence probe was developed for the determination of Fu. At the same time, the proposed probe showed excellent sensitivity and selectivity towards Fu with a wide linear range from 0.5 to 100 μM, and the corresponding detection limit was 0.096 μM. Moreover, the CDs also could be applied for the sensing of temperature. The practical application of the CDs for Fu detection in real samples was also confirmed with the satisfactory recoveries changing from 96.6% to 108.5%, which provided huge possibility in the field of medical analysis.
Synthesis of core-shell-like structure SnS<inf>2</inf>-SnO<inf>2</inf> integrated with graphene nanosheets for the electrochemical detection of furazolidone drug in furoxone tablet
2020, Journal of Molecular LiquidsTrace level evaluation in analysis is an important step to construct a viable sensor. Here, the proposed furazolidone (FZD) sensor was developed electrochemically using an SnS2-SnO2/graphene composite. The formation of the SnS2-SnO2/graphene composite was confirmed by physical characterizations such as X-ray crystallography (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), and Fourier Transform InfraRed (FT-IR) Spectroscopy. The newly synthesized SnS2-SnO2/graphene composite was drop-casted on a glassy carbon electrode (GCE) surface to investigate the electrochemical oxidation of FZD using cyclic voltammetry (CV) and differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) methods with the best working potential at −0.516 (vs. Ag/AgCl) in 0.1 M PB solution (pH 7.0). Using CV, different modified electrodes, different addition, scan rates, and pH studies were investigated to study peak current effects. The obtained DPV results at the SnS2-SnO2/graphene composite exhibited a lower limit of detection (LOD) (1.42 nM), good linear range, high selectivity, short-time response (˂1 s), better repeatability, reproducibility, and enduring stability. In addition, the fabricated SnS2-SnO2/graphene/GCE was used to determine the FZD in a commercially available furoxone tablet.