doi:10.1016/S0009-2509(01)00160-9
Copyright © 2001 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.
Characterization of chaotic dynamics—II: topological invariants and their equivalence for an autocatalytic model system and an experimental sheared polymer solution
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S. Deshmukh, A. Ghosh, M. V. Badiger, V. Ravi Kumar and B. D. Kulkarni
, 
Chemical Engineering Division, National Chemical Laboratory, Pune 411 008, India
Available online 22 September 2001.
Abstract
Characterization of strange attractors exhibiting chaotic dynamics may be carried out through computation of metric, dynamical and topological invariants. The last of these are robust even under control parameter variations and hence have certain distinct advantages. In the present work, we carry out the topological analysis of the observed dynamics from a model autocatalytic reacting system and an experimental polymer solution subjected to shear. Low dimensional chaotic dynamics are observed in both these systems. The results show the global characterization and classification of the dynamics for both systems based on topological invariants, viz., linking numbers and relative rotational rates, is possible. The analyses of these invariants yield the template and the Markov transition matrix that contain in them valuable topological information about the system dynamics. The results obtained show that the two systems possess similar topological characteristics and follow the horseshoe mechanism. This information should help in developing design and control algorithms for these systems.
Author Keywords: Topological invariants; Chaos; Nonlinear dynamics; Autocatalysis; Sheared polymer solution
Fig. 1. Post-transient phase plane plot of autocatalytic reacting system dynamics.
Fig. 2. Composite recurrence plot for variables (x,y,z) for period-1 orbit for the autocatalytic reacting system.
Fig. 3. Typical orbits for the autocatalytic reacting system dynamics: (a) period-2 orbit encoded ‘10’; (b) period-4 orbit with the symbol sequence ‘1110’.
Fig. 4. Linking number calculation for period-2 and period-4 orbits ‘10’, ‘1110’ for the autocatalytic reacting system.
Fig. 5. Relative rotation rate calculations using initial conditions from a Poincare section for the ‘10’ and ‘1110’ orbits for the autocatalytic reacting system.
Fig. 6. The identified template for the autocatalaytic reacting system and the sheared polymer solution system.
Fig. 7. Post-transient phase plane plot for measurements from the sheared polymer solution. The data was denoised and standardized before carrying out integral–differential embedding.
Fig. 8. Periodic orbit visualizations for the sheared polymer solution: (a) period-2 orbit encoded by the symbol sequence ‘01’; (b) period-3 orbit encoded by the symbol sequence ‘011’.
Fig. 9. Sheared polymer solution linking number calculations for the period-2 orbit ‘01’ and period-3 orbit ‘011’.
Table 1. Intertwining matrix for the autocatalytic reacting system from all the extracted orbits. An identical matrix representation was obtained from the sheared polymer solution

Table 2. Linking matrix for the autocatalytic reacting system for extracted orbits. All topological indices are negative. An identical matrix was obtained from the sheared polymer solution data

Corresponding author. Tel.: +91-20-589-3095; fax: +91-20-589-3041; email: bdk@ems.ncl.res.in