Fig. 1. (a) Depicts visual analog scale hunger scores averaged across subjects prior to and after a mixed liquid meal. Vertical lines represent standard error of the mean (S.E.M.). The represent the fasted individuals while the □ represent the fed subjects. (b) Depicts the % change in area under the curve (AUC) values relative to baseline for hunger visual analog scores. Percent AUC scores were averaged hourly, up to four h after ingestion of a meal. The solid bars represent hourly values for the fed subjects and the open bars represent hourly values for the fasted subjects. Each bar represents the mean±standard error. * Indicates significant differences between fed vs. fasted subjects at P<0.05.

Fig. 2. (a) Depicts visual analog scale satiety scores averaged across subjects who were fed or fasted prior to and after a liquid meal. Vertical lines represent standard error of the mean (S.E.M.). The represent the fasted individuals while the □ represent the fed subjects. (b) Depicts the % change in AUC values relative to baseline for satiety visual analog scores. Percent AUC scores were averaged hourly, up to four h after ingestion of a meal. The solid bars represent hourly values for the fed subjects and the open bars represent hourly values for the fasted subjects. Each bar represents the mean±standard error. * Indicates significant differences between fed vs. fasted subjects for P<0.05.

Fig. 3. (a) Depicts CRH values averaged across subjects who were fed or fasted prior to or after a liquid meal. Vertical lines represent standard error of the mean (S.E.M.). The represent the fasted individuals while the □ represent the fed subjects. (b) Depicts the % change in AUC values relative to baseline for CRH levels. Data had been normalized to % of baseline due to pre-meal differences between groups. Percent AUC scores were averaged hourly, up to four h after ingestion of a meal. The solid bars represent hourly values for the fed subjects and the open bars represent hourly values for the fasted subjects. Each bar represents the mean±standard error. * Indicates significant differences between fed vs. fasted subjects for P<0.05.

Fig. 4. (a) Depicts ACTH values averaged across subjects who were fed or fasted prior to or after a liquid meal. Vertical lines represent standard error of the mean (S.E.M.). The represent the fasted individuals while the □ represent the fed subjects. (b) Depicts the % change in AUC values relative to baseline for ACTH levels. Percent AUC scores were averaged hourly, up to four h after ingestion of a meal. The solid bars represent hourly values for the fed subjects and the open bars represent hourly values for the fasted subjects. Each bar represents the mean±standard error. * Indicates significant differences between fed vs. fasted subjects for P<0.05.

Fig. 5. (a) Depicts cortisol values averaged across subjects who were fed or fasted prior to or after a liquid meal. Vertical lines represent standard error of the mean (S.E.M.). The represent the fasted individuals while the □ represent the fed subjects. (b) Depicts the % change in AUC values relative to baseline for cortisol levels. Percent AUC scores were averaged hourly, up to four h after ingestion of a meal. The solid bars represent hourly values for the fed subjects and the open bars represent hourly values for the fasted subjects. Each bar represents the mean+standard error. * Indicates significant differences between fed vs. fasted subjects for P<0.05.