Visual Acuity within the Area Centralis and its Relation to Eye Movements and Fixation
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Temporal Coding of Visual Space
2018, Trends in Cognitive SciencesCitation Excerpt :Only in a very small region at the center of gaze, the fovea, are cones packed sufficiently tightly to allow the high resolution we enjoy. Acuity drops rapidly as images fall outside this region [20,21], and even within the fovea cone density [22] and visual function [23] are not uniform, and attention exerts its influence [24]. To perceive the fine spatial structure of the world, we therefore need to center gaze on the area of interest by making saccadic eye movements (Box 1).
A compact field guide to the study of microsaccades: Challenges and functions
2016, Vision ResearchCitation Excerpt :In fact, direct psychophysical evaluation with stimuli at very small eccentricity angles has given mixed results. Some studies have found a decline in performance with eccentricity, whereas others have reported minimal changes (Millodot, 1972; Weymouth et al., 1928). Mapping foveal vision is, however, a very challenging task.
Side flankers produce less crowding, but only for letters
2015, CognitionCitation Excerpt :The results of Experiment 1a revealed a slight advantage for identification at the horizontal meridian in comparison to the vertical meridian, irrespectively of the stimulus type. Such an outcome is not surprising, since the general advantage of the visual processing at the horizontal meridian had been established in numerous studies (Altpeter, MacKeben, & Trauzettel-Klosinski, 2000; Anderson, Wilkinson, & Thibos, 1992; Cameron, Tai, & Carrasco, 2002; Carrasco, Talgar, & Cameron, 2001; Carrasco, Williams, & Yeshurun, 2002; Pointer & Hess, 1989; Regan & Beverley, 1983; Seiple, Holopigian, Szlyk, & Wu, 2004; Silva et al., 2010; Weymouth, Hines, Acres, Raaf, & Wheeler, 1928), and is probably caused by the anatomic organization of the visual system (Abrams, Nizam, & Carrasco, 2011; Connolly & Van Essen, 1984; Curcio & Allen, 1990; Curcio, Sloan, Kalina, & Hendrickson, 1990; Tootell, Switkes, Silverman, & Hamilton, 1988). Correct identification of the characters presented in strings (Experiment 1b) dropped substantially in comparison to the presentation of single characters as a consequence of crowding.
Microscopic eye movements compensate for nonhomogeneous vision within the fovea
2013, Current BiologyCitation Excerpt :Second, they move the stimulus over many photoreceptors, effectively preventing isolation of closely spaced regions on the retina, especially with the long exposures necessary to achieve high visual acuity [9, 10]. Both effects are likely to homogenize measurements at adjacent retinal locations and may have contributed to conflicting reports on visual acuity [1, 11] and the widespread notion of approximately uniform foveal vision. In this study, we examined the discrimination of fine spatial patterns at different eccentricities within the fovea.
Adaptation of the central retina for high acuity vision: Cones, the fovea and the a vascular zone
2013, Progress in Retinal and Eye ResearchCitation Excerpt :The data indicate that the factors which mediate cone specialization in central retina are complex, and do not support the passive/mechanical model proposed by Springer (1999). It is widely accepted that during fixation foveal photoreceptors are oriented towards the object of interest (Barlow, 1952; Walls, 1937; Weymouth et al., 1928). Relatively few studies, however, have attempted to identify where the fixation point falls within the foveal photoreceptor mosaic (Bradley et al., 1992; Putnam et al., 2005; Rossi and Roorda, 2010; Zeffren et al., 1990).