Marital Relationship

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In this article, we describe the history of psychological research on marriage and consider how marital relationships affect other family relationships and the social and emotional development of young children. Marital relationships can support or undermine the parenting of young children and are themselves affected by parenting. Marital interactions also are observed by the child and can be a critical source of learning about adult relationships, of modeling of behaviors related to conflict or emotional display, and of security or fear to a child when either reassuring or frightening behaviors are displayed by marital couples.

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Martha J. Cox was born in Illinois. Cox received her BS in psychology from the University of Illinois and a PhD in developmental psychology from the University of Virginia working under the mentorship of E. Mavis Hetherington. She is currently director of the Center for Developmental Science and Professor of Psychology at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. Cox is known for her studies of families and young children and for her methodological contributions to the analysis of family interactions. Over the last 25 years she has studied the early years of family development and the processes of reorganization of families over the transition to parenthood and the transition to school with a special emphasis on the role of family relationships including parent–child and marital relationships.

Nicole Heilbron upon completion of a BSc at McMaster University in 1998 pursued a Bachelor of Education (1999) at Brock University. She completed a master's degree in counseling psychology at the University of Western Ontario (MEd, 2001) and began doctoral studies in clinical psychology at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill in 2001. Under the direction of Professors Mitch J. Prinstein and Martha J. Cox, Nicole defended her dissertation in April 2006. She is currently fulfilling the final requirement of the doctoral degree program by completing a year-long internship in child clinical psychology at Duke University Medical Center. Her interests include the development of comorbid externalizing and internalizing psychological disorders, cognitive-interpersonal models of depression and suicidality, and the application of systems theories in developmental psychopathology.

W. Roger Mills-Koonce was born in Washington, NC, studied at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill where he obtained his PhD in developmental psychology under the direction of J.-L. Gariepy and M. Cox. He is currently serving as a research scientist at the Center for Developmental Science at UNC Chapel Hill where he works on multiple longitudinal studies of child development and family functioning. His scientific interests include all aspects of family processes, particularly parental stress and coping, intergenerational transference of physiological stress responses, human attachment across the lifespan, and contextual risk and resilience.

Abigail Pressel graduated from Yale University in 2001 with a Bachelor of Arts in psychology. Following her graduation, Abigail entered the clinical psychology doctoral program at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. Under the direction of Patricia Kerig, Abigail completed a Master of Arts in Psychology in 2004. Under the direction of Martha Cox, Abigail defended her dissertation in September 2006. She is currently completing her predoctoral internship in clinical psychology (child and family track) at Dorothea Dix Hospital in Raleigh, North Carolina. Her interests include family systems theory, the effects of marital conflict on children's adjustment, co-parenting in various family systems, divorce, and issues in forensic child custody assessment.

Caroline W. Oppenheimer was born in Bethesda, Maryland. She studied psychology at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, and earned her BA in 2006. She is currently working as a research assistant at the Center for Developmental Science at UNC-Chapel Hill, and will be attending graduate school in clinical psychology at the University of South Carolina in the fall of 2007. Her research interests include intimate relationships, and systems and cognitive-interpersonal models of psychopathology.

David E. Szwedo is a graduate student in the clinical psychology program at the University of Virginia. Prior to pursuing graduate studies, David worked as a research assistant at the Center for Developmental Science at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and earned his BA in psychology from UNC-Chapel Hill in 2006. His research interests include intimate relationships, social development, family relations, and attachment processes.

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