Regulation of e-Cigarettes is important in ensuring product quality, maximum possible safety, consistent performance, and effectiveness as a smoking substitute. The variability of different liquids, battery devices, and atomizers results in innumerable combinations that can be used by consumers. Additionally, the patterns of use and the performance characteristics of the devices vary considerably and can be adjusted depending on the conditions and the preference of the user. This makes regulation a difficult and complex task. Regulation could focus on liquid composition, aerosol emissions, and addictive potential of e-Cigarettes. This chapter presents evidence on the main ingredients of e-Cigarette liquids, compounds present in aerosol emissions, current regulatory possibilities and feasible decisions, and future prospects and opportunities for further regulation that could improve product safety without undermining the efficacy of e-Cigarettes as smoking substitutes.
