Original article
Bacteriological investigations for short-course chemotherapy under the tuberculosis programme in two districts of India

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Abstract

To examine the bacteriological profile and the prevalence of drug resistance among patients attending the health facilities where the District Tuberculosis Programme (DTP) was in operation with short-course chemotherapy (SCC) regimens, sputum specimens were collected on admission and the end of treatment in North Arcot district and Pondicherry region. In North Arcot district, rifampicin, isoniazid and pyrazinamide were given twice weekly for the first 2 months followed by rifampicin and isoniazid twice a week for the next 4 months under fully supervised administration. In Pondicherry, rifampicin, isoniazid and pyrazinamide were given daily for the first 2 months followed by rifampicin and isoniazid twice weekly for the next 4 months. Of the patients who had received 80% or more of the drugs, 80% from North Arcot and 92% from Pondicherry were rendered culture-negative for Mycobacterium tuberculosis at the end of treatment. Even among patients with initially resistant bacilli, a high proportion had a favourable response. Before start of treatment, of the 2779 patients from North Arcot, 25% had resistance to one or more drugs including 2% with resistance to rifampicin. In Pondicherry, 13% of the patients had initial resistance to one or more drugs. Initial resistance to rifampicin was observed in 0.9%. None of the initially drug-sensitive patients had acquired resistance to rifampicin at the end of treatment.

Résumé

Afin d'examiner le profil bactériologique et la prévalence de la résistance aux drogues chez des malades fréquentant les centres médicaux du district de North Arcot et de la région de Pondicherry, en Inde, où le District Tuberculosis Programme (DTP) avec les régimes courts de chimiothérapie (SCC) est opérationnel, des échantillons d'expectoration ont été prélevés au début et à la fin du traitement anti-tuberculeux. Dans le district du North Arcot, rifampicine, isoniazide et pyrazinamide ont été administrés 2 fois par semaine pendant les 2 premiers mois, suivi de rifampicine et isoniazide 2 fois par semaine pendant les 4 mois suivants, sous étroite surveillance. A Pondicherry, rifampicine, isoniazide et pyrazinamide ont été administrés chaque jour pendant les 2 premiers mois, suivi de rifampicine et isoniazide 2 fois par semaine pendant les 4 mois suivants. Parmi les malades qui ont pris 80% ou plus de leur traitement, 80% des cas de North Arcot et 92% des cas de Pondicherry ont été négatifs à la culture pour Mycobacterium tuberculosis à la fin du traitement. Même chez les malades porteurs d'une résistance bacillaire initiale, une proportion élevée a réagi favorablement. Avant d'entreprendre le traitement, parmi les 2779 malades du North Arcot 25% avaient une résistance vis à vis d'un ou plusieurs médicaments, dont 2% envers la rifampicine. A Pondicherry, 13% des malades avaient une résistance initiale vis à vis d'une ou plusieurs drogues. Une résistance initiale envers la rifampicine a été observée chez 0,9% des malades. Aucun des patients initialement sensibles n'avait acquis une résistance vis à vis de la rifampicine à la fin du traitement.

Resumen

Con el fin de analizar los perfiles bacteriológicos y la prevalencia de la resistencia a los medicamentos en los pacientes atendidos en los centros de salud en los cuales funciona el Programa Distrital de Tuberculosis (PDT) que aplica la quimioterapia de corta duración (QCD), se colectaron muestras de esputo al comienzo y al final del tratamiento en el distrito de Arcot Norte y en la Región de Pondicherry. En Arcot Norte la rifampicina, la isoniacida y la pirazinamida se administran dos veces por semana durante los 2 primeros meses, seguidos de 4 meses con rifampicina e isoniacida, 2 veces por semana, en administración completamente supervisada. En Pondicherry, la rifampicina, isoniacida y pirazinamida se administran diariamente durante los 2 primeros meses, seguidos de 4 meses con rifampicina e isoniacida 2 veces por semana. Entre los pacientes que habían recibido el 80% o más de los medicamentos, el 80% de los pacientes de Arcot Norte y el 92% de los de Pondicherry tenían cultivos negativos para M. tuberculosis al final del tratamiento. Aun en los pacientes con bacilos inicialmente resistentes, una alta proporción tuvo una respuesta favorable. Antes del comienzo del tratamiento, en el 25% de los 2 779 pacientes de Arcot Norte se constató una resistencia a uno o más medicamentos, incluyendo 2% con resistencia a la rifampicina. En Podicherry, el 13% de los pacientes tenía resistencia inicial a uno o más medicamentos. En un 0,9% de los pacientes se constató una resistencia inicial a la rifampicina. En ninguno de los pacientes inicialmente sensibles a los medicamentos se constató una resistencia adquirida a la rifampicina al final del tratamiento.

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