Molecular genetics of Drosophila immunity
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Cited by (40)
Human Toll-Like Receptor 4 (hTLR4): Structural and functional dynamics in cancer
2019, International Journal of Biological MacromoleculesCitation Excerpt :This discovery was based on the role of Drosophila Toll (dToll) in development of embryonic dorsoventral polarity [3–5]. Later, the role of dToll was identified in inducing innate immune responses in adult Drosophila against fungal infection [6–8]. Indeed, it was identified that TLRs are also involved in the activation of immune responses and transcription factor NF-κB signaling pathways in many species [9,10].
Interaction of entomopathogenic fungi with the host immune system
2018, Developmental and Comparative ImmunologyCitation Excerpt :The Toll signaling pathway plays a critical role in insect hormonal immunity against fungi and Gram-positive bacteria, which was initially identified in Drosophila, and shares significant similarities with IL-1R-mediated activation of the NF-κB pathway in mammals (Belvin and Anderson, 1996; Valanne et al., 2011). In Drosophila, the Toll signaling pathway mediates embryonic development (Belvin and Anderson, 1996), immune responses (Hoffmann, 1995; Ip and Levine, 1994), morphogenetic movements (Gerttula et al., 1988; Hashimoto et al., 1991), and muscle development (Halfon et al., 1995; Nose et al., 1992). Components of Toll signaling pathway have been identified in Drosophila and include the extracellular cytokine Spatzle, the transmembrane receptor Toll, the Tube and MyD88 adaptors, the Pelle kinase, Cactus, and the Dorsal and Dif transactivators (Belvin and Anderson, 1996; Tauszig et al., 2000).
Overview of Drosophila immunity: A historical perspective
2014, Developmental and Comparative ImmunologyCitation Excerpt :An independent study by the group of D. Hultmark using tissue culture found that overexpression of a gain of function allele of Toll in cells from the transformed hemocyte line l(2)mbn could increase expression of the Cecropin A1 gene, through its NF-κB binding motif (Rosetto et al., 1995). However, this result was not confirmed in vivo, as neither Diptericin nor Cecropin are constitutively expressed in flies expressing a constitutively active version of the Toll receptor (Ip and Levine, 1994; Lemaitre et al., 1995b). This indicated that a Toll-independent pathway was involved in the induction of the two antimicrobial peptides that were used at the time as readouts for the activation of the immune system, and the contribution of the Toll pathway to host-defence remained mysterious (Hultmark, 1994) (Fig. 2).
The Challenge of Viral Immunity
2007, ImmunityThicker than blood: Conserved mechanisms in Drosophila and vertebrate hematopoiesis
2003, Developmental CellImmune reactions
2003, NeuroImmune Biology
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