Uptake of heavy metals by Azolla pinnata and their translocation into the fruit bodies of Pleurotus sajor-caju

doi:10.1016/0922-338X(89)90218-3

Journal of Fermentation and Bioengineering

Volume 68, Issue 1, 1989, Pages 64-67

Journal of Fermentat...

https://doi.org/10.1016/0922-338X(89)90218-3 Get rights and content

Abstract

The uptake of heavy metals by Azolla pinnata and their subsequent translocation into the fruit bodies of the edible mushroom Pleurotus sajor-caju when grown on such metal-enriched substrates was investigated. A high concentration of heavy metals in the enriched substrate reduced the biological efficiency of mushroom production. The uptake of heavy metals in the substrate as well as their translocation into the fruit bodies increased with an increasing concentration of these metals in the exposed solution and the substrate respectively.

References (12)

N.S. Bisht et al.
Cultivation of Pleurotus ostreatus (Jacq) Fr. by utilising Lantana camara and waste paper
Agric. Wastes
(1984)
G.S. Gujral et al.
Solid state fermentation of Saccharum munja residues into food through Pleurotus cultivation
J. Ferment. Technol.
(1987)
S.K. Jain et al.
Cultivation of Pleurotus sajor-caju on aquatic weeds
Aquatic Botany
(1988)
T. Stijve et al.
Mercury, cadmium, lead and selenium content of mushroom species belonging to genus Agaricus
Chemosphere
(1976)
G. Tyler
Metal accumulation by wood decaying fungi
Chemosphere
(1982)
National Academy of Sciences
Making aquatic weeds useful: some perspectives for developing countries

There are more references available in the full text version of this article.

Cited by (9)

A review on heavy metal pollution, toxicity and remedial measures: Current trends and future perspectives
2019, Journal of Molecular Liquids
Citation Excerpt :
Constructed wetlands have been effectively utilized for the treatment of toxic metals from rural overflow, municipal squanders and mine seepage [272]. Numerous aquatic plants which include Typha, Eichhornia, Phragmites, Azolla and Lemna have been utilized for the removal of toxic metals from the wastewater ([273,275–281],562). Phytoremediation is the low-cost method for the treatment of wastewater, groundwater and polluted soil [561].
Water is an exceptionally essential source for the presence of life on the earth. The water quality has seriously affected because of the overgrowth of the population, human activities, fast industrialization, unskilled utilization of natural water resources and unplanned urbanization. Heavy metal is a group of metal and metalloids with an atomic density higher than the 4000 kg/m³. The heavy metals are toxic in nature which causes serious health illness to human beings and animals, even at very low concentration. These heavy metals enter into the aquatic system through the agricultural runoff and industrial discharges. Different treatment methods are available to remove the heavy metals from the aquatic environment with a different degree of success. In any case, the deficiencies of a large portion of these treatment methods are due to the production of secondary waste, high cost for operation and maintenance etc. Hence, it is important to develop robust, eco-friendly and economically viable treatment methods for the removal of heavy metals from the aquatic system and to safeguard the environment. In this review article, definite data on the source and their belongings of substantial metal contamination to the plants, individuals and other living life forms have been clarified. The distinctive sorts of treatment strategies for the removal of the toxic metals from wastewater had been explained. The numerous types of low-cost adsorbents utilized by different researchers/scientists for removal of heavy metals from wastewater have been discussed in detail. The recommendations for further scope of research which can be done have been discussed in detail.
Investigation of heavy metal accumulation in Polygonum thunbergii for phytoextraction
2003, Environmental Pollution
In this study, cadmium (II), lead (II), copper (II) and zinc (II) were determined in Polygonum thunbergii and soil from the Mankyung River watershed, Korea. Soil samples contained detectable lead (<17.5 μg g⁻¹), copper (<8.4 μg g⁻¹) and zinc (<24.5 μg g⁻¹), whereas cadmium was undetectable. Whole plants of P. thunbergii contained detectable lead (<320.8 μg g⁻¹), copper (<863.2 μg g⁻¹) and zinc (<2427.3 μg g⁻¹), whereas cadmium was detectable only in the stem (<7.4 μg g⁻¹) and root (<10.1 μg g⁻¹). Whole plant concentrations were very different for each metal, particularly in the case of zinc. The mean content of heavy metal in the whole plants increased in the order of cadmium (8.5 μg g⁻¹)<lead (183.3 μg g⁻¹)<copper (548.1 μg g⁻¹)<zinc (1506.7 μg g⁻¹). Soil lead, copper and zinc were correlated with each metal's accumulation in the plants (lead, r=0.841, P<0.005; copper, r=0.874, P<0.001; zinc, r=0.770, P<0.005). Lead content in roots and leaves was highly correlated (r=0.5529, P<0.001), as was lead content in roots and stems (r=0.5425, P<0.001). Mean bioconcentration factors for the aboveground tissues were 4.2 (lead), 14.8 (copper) and 27.7 (zinc), and for the underground tissues, were 22.2 (lead), 92.9 (copper) and 62.7 (zinc). After hydroponic growth, bioaccumulation coefficients were 2.0 (cadmium), 3.2 (lead), 17.2 (copper) and 13.1 (zinc) for whole plants. We considered these results as indicative of the ability of P. thunbergii plants to take up metal ions from a soil matrix contaminated with heavy metals.
Cadmium and manganese in contrast to calcium reduce yield and nutritional values of the edible mushroom Pleurotus pulmonarius
1998, Mycological Research
Pleurotus pulmonarius is a species of the oyster mushroom which has become the second most popularly cultivated mushroom in the world. In this study, we show that renewed fruiting from excised stipes can be used as a simple and rapid in vitro bioassay system to detect fruiting modulators. We used this and conventional cultivation techniques to examine the effects of cadmium, a potential contaminant from industrial sources, calcium, which is an ingredient in mushroom compost, and manganese, which has been claimed to improve the yield of P. ostreatus. All the three metallic salts did not affect sporulation. Calcium chloride addition shortened the time taken for the mushroom to fully cover the cultivation compost and improved yield. Insoluble calcium salts at higher concentrations had a similar though less pronounced effect. The calcium and total amino acid contents of fruit bodies also increased. Compost supplementation with calcium is desirable for cultivation of the oyster mushroom but not indispensable since the straw-based cultivation substrate is itself able to provide the required minerals. By contrast, manganese chloride retarded mycelial growth and decreased yield but increased the total amino acid content in the stipe whilst manganese sulphate did not enhance accumulation of manganese into fruit bodies. Excess manganese induced browning of vegetative tissues. Cadmium ions did not kill the oyster mushroom at 4·5 mM but reduced yield by 50%. At this concentration cadmium decreased the total amino acid content and affected the amino acid profile but did not affect the form and shape of the fruit bodies. Pleurotus pulmonarius concentrated cadmium to such an extent that consumption of as little as 20 g (D.W.) of the most contaminated samples would exceed the weekly limit tolerated by humans and thus pose a health hazard. Monitoring the heavy metal contents of mushrooms marketed for food is, therefore, advised as the source of the substrate for cultivation is usually not known.
Resistance to and uptake of heavy metals in mushrooms
1993, Journal of Fermentation and Bioengineering
Resistance levels to heavy metals in 21 mushrooms obtained mainly from Japan, but also from Thailand, were tested. The mushrooms were 7 Pleurotus species, 2 Pycnoporus and Pholiota species and one each of Agrocybe, Cryptoporus, Coriolus, Inonotus, Lampteromyces, Grifola, Flammulina, Lyophyllum, Agaricus, and Polyporus species. The Pleurotus species strains showed higher resistance to the heavy metals, copper, cadmium, zinc, nickel, cobalt, mercury than the other species. Pleurotus ostreatus exhibited the highest resistance to all these heavy metals. Pholiota species, Flammulina veltipes, Lyophyllum ulmarium, Agaricus bisporus and Polyporus arcularius were rather sensitive to all the metals tested. The accumulation of copper, zinc and cadmium in Pleurotus ostreatus was studied. The uptake of heavy metals into the mycelia of P. ostreatus increased proportionally to an increasing concentration of these metals in the medium.
Production of biogas from Azolla pinnata R.Br and Lemna minor L.: Effect of heavy metal contamination
1992, Bioresource Technology
The absorption of iron, copper, cadmium, nickel, lead, zinc, manganese and cobalt by Azolla pinnata R.Br and Lemna minor L., and subsequent utilization of this biomass for production of biogas (methane), have been investigated. Iron or manganese did not have any toxic effect on the anaerobic fermentation of Azolla and Lemna, while copper, cobalt, lead and zinc showed toxicity. At low concentrations cadmium and nickel showed a favourable effect on the rate of biogas production and its methane content, but with increase in concentrations rate of biogas production and methane content decreased. However, although there was this decrease in biogas production and methane content, the methane content of biogas was still higher than that which was obtained from non-contaminated biomass.
Mycoremediation potential of Pleurotus species for heavy metals: a review
2017, Bioresources and Bioprocessing

View all citing articles on Scopus

View full text

Article preview

Journal of Fermentation and Bioengineering

Abstract

References (12)

Cultivation of Pleurotus ostreatus (Jacq) Fr. by utilising Lantana camara and waste paper

Agric. Wastes

Solid state fermentation of Saccharum munja residues into food through Pleurotus cultivation

J. Ferment. Technol.

Cultivation of Pleurotus sajor-caju on aquatic weeds

Aquatic Botany

Mercury, cadmium, lead and selenium content of mushroom species belonging to genus Agaricus

Chemosphere

Metal accumulation by wood decaying fungi

Chemosphere

Making aquatic weeds useful: some perspectives for developing countries

Cited by (9)

A review on heavy metal pollution, toxicity and remedial measures: Current trends and future perspectives

Investigation of heavy metal accumulation in Polygonum thunbergii for phytoextraction

Cadmium and manganese in contrast to calcium reduce yield and nutritional values of the edible mushroom Pleurotus pulmonarius

Resistance to and uptake of heavy metals in mushrooms

Production of biogas from Azolla pinnata R.Br and Lemna minor L.: Effect of heavy metal contamination

Mycoremediation potential of Pleurotus species for heavy metals: a review

NoteUptake of heavy metals by Azolla pinnata and their translocation into the fruit bodies of Pleurotus sajor-caju

Abstract

Agric. Wastes

J. Ferment. Technol.

Aquatic Botany

Chemosphere

Chemosphere

Making aquatic weeds useful: some perspectives for developing countries

Note
Uptake of heavy metals by Azolla pinnata and their translocation into the fruit bodies of Pleurotus sajor-caju