ESR of protonated “emeraldine”: Insulator to metal transition
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Investigation on dielectric properties of polyaniline (PANI) sulphonic acid (SA) composites prepared by interfacial polymerization
2019, Synthetic MetalsCitation Excerpt :It is well known that in conducting polymers (CP) there are no permanent dipoles. However, the charge carriers of these CPs are strongly trapped and their brief localized motion under the application of ac field may act as dipole, which is termed as 'effective electric dipole' [45–47]. The increase in real dielectric permittivity with increase in temperature indicates the increase in mobility of the effective electric dipoles in these polymers.
Conducting and magnetic mango fibers
2015, Industrial Crops and ProductsCitation Excerpt :Among possible oxidation states, due to the higher electrical conductivity of the protonated form, the emeraldine one is the most important. Emeraldine can be isolated in the insulating or conducting forms, named emeraldine base and emeraldine salt (Dimitriev, 2001; Jamadade et al., 2010; Javadi et al., 1989; Lee et al., 2009; Wang, 2002), respectively (Duboriz and Pud, 2014; MacDiarmid and Epstein, 1995), which can be identified by their characteristic bluish and greenish colors (Duboriz and Pud, 2014; Souza and Soares, 2006). Polyaniline is frequently a good choice for manufacture of sensitive devices (Rahaman et al., 2013; Souza et al., 2008b, 2009, 2010b, 2011), because of its low cost, very good electrical and electronic properties and easy preparation (Alizadeh et al., 2011; Kar et al., 2011; Ram and Palaniappan, 2004; Souza et al., 2006, 2008a,c, 2010b).
Effects of tungsten carbide on electrochemical properties and microstructural features of Al/Pb-PANI-WC composite inert anodes used in zinc electrowinning
2012, HydrometallurgyCitation Excerpt :PANI doped with inorganic acid possesses higher electrical conductivity owing that the extension of molecular chain structure leads to high conjugate degree and close chain packing those are favorable to the transmission of charge in the chain and between the chains (Javadi et al., 1998). The conductive mechanism of doped PANI differs from metal and semiconductor, in which the carriers are composed of “delocalization” π electrons and solitons, polarons or bipolarons formed by doping (Li and Zhao, 2000), which has been described by PEACE Model (Nechtschein et al., 1987; Wang and Wang, 1990), Granular Metal Island Model (Javadi et al., 1989; Lundberg and Salaneck, 1987; Nechtschein et al., 1989) and Monopole and Bipolar Sub-transformation Model (Wang et al., 1991). Meanwhile, PANI has activity surface that exceeds geometric surface and can play a role in selective catalysis to some certain surfaces when used as the electrode materials, for example, the electrocatalytic oxidation of ascorbic acid at polyaniline film modified glassy carbon electrodes (Dong and Song, 1992), the electrocatalysis of polyaniline film on Fe [II] and Sb [II], the synergistic effects of electrocatalytic oxidation of polyaniline on small organic molecules (DuIć and Griglć, 2001; Mikhaylova et al., 2001; Rajendraprasad and Munichandraiah, 2002) and the same electrocatalytic activity for Pb/PANI and Pt/PANI in acid solutions (Cheraghia et al., 2009).
Effects of polyaniline on electrochemical properties of composite inert anodes used in zinc electrowinning
2012, Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China (English Edition)Synthesis of 4,4′-bipyridinium salts of poly(2-methoxyaniline-5-sulfonic acid) and their self-doping and chemical properties
2009, Reactive and Functional PolymersAn infrared and Raman spectroscopic study of polyanilines co-doped with metal ions and H<sup>+</sup>
2007, Spectrochimica Acta - Part A: Molecular and Biomolecular Spectroscopy